With petroleum reserves (石油储量) decreasing，the search is on to replace gas with a cleaner，greener alternative.Though much eco－talk has centered on biofuels from corn and soybeans，the biofuel that looks more likely to replace petroleum comes from a most unlikely source：algae (藻类)． Algae，like corn，soybeans，and other crops，grow via photosynthesis (光合作用) and can be processed into fuel oil.However，they yield 30 times more energy than land crops such as soybeans，according to the U．S.Department of Energy.Many algae species also can grow in saltwater and polluted water－while corn and soy require arable land and fresh water that will be in short supply as the world's population balloons. “If you replaced all the diesel (柴油) in the U．S.with soy biodiesel，it would take half the land mass of the U．S.to grow those soybeans，”says Matt Caspari，chief executive of Aurora Biofuels，a Berkeley，Calif.－based private firm that specializes in algae oil technology.On the other hand，the Energy Department says that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States，it would require 15,000 square miles，which is a few thousand miles larger that Maryland (12,407 square miles)，the 42nd state in land area. Another bonus：Because algae can be grown just about anywhere in a closed space，they 're being tested at several power plants across the nation as a carbon absorber.Smokestack emissions (烟囱排放物) can be pumped directly into the ponds，feeding the algae while keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere. Although processing technology for algae fuel—also known as “oilgae” in some environmentalist circles—is improving，it's still years away from reaching your local gas pump.“It's just a question of cost，because no large－scale facilities have been built yet，” Caspari says. 【小题1】The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”． A．control B．require C．produce D．grow 【小题2】Compared with corn and soybeans，algae ________. A．may pollute water and soil B．can grow in poor conditions C．provide much less energy D．need more special care 【小题3】According to Paragraph 3，one of the advantages of algae fuel is that ________. A．it can be used more widely B．it is more easy to produce C．it needs much less land D．it costs much less money 【小题4】What do we learn about algae from Paragraph 4? A．Algae help protect the environment. B．People can grow algae anywhere. C．Fish can get more oxygen from algae. D．Algae produce less waste.

Meaning Is Healthier Than Happiness[A] For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1, 000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.[B] One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including—most promisingly—good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body—the happier we are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In an overview of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: "Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health."[C] But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences （PNAS） challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.[D] Of course, it's important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called "There's More to Life Than Being Happy" about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.[E] It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish "taking" behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless "giving" behavior.[F] "Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desire are easily satisfied, and complicated relationships are avoided, " the authors of the study wrote. "If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need." While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, "Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy."[G] The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher at the University. of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatry （精神病学） researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.[H] Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking questions like "How often did you feel happy? " "How often did you feel interested in life? " and "How often did you feel satisfied? " The more strongly people endorsed these measures of "hedonic （享乐主义的） well-being, " or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.[I] Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like "How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it? " , "How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society? ", and "How often did you feel that you belonged to a community/social group? " The more people endorsed these measures of "eudaimonic （幸福论的） well-being" —or, simply put, virtue—the more meaning they felt in life.[J] After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use fMRI （功能磁共振成像） scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.[K] Cole's past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of a stress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory （促炎症的） genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.[L] Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro-inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.[M] "Empty positive emotions" —like the kind people experience during （狂喜的） episodes or artificially induced euphoria （欣快） from alcohol and drugs—"are about as good for you as adversity, " says Fredrickson.[N] It's important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high （or jointly low） on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance （不一致） —they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call "eudaimonic predominance" —that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.[O] This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a de-activation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.[P] Fredrickson's past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person's perspective and help protect people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonistic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being.[Q] "It's not the amount of hedonic happiness that's a problem, " Fredrickson tells me, "It's that it's not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It's great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that's when this [gene] pattern that's similar to adversity emerged."[R] The terms hedonism and eudaimonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Western civilization for over 2, 000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists （伦理学家）, think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung, "The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it." Jung's wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.The author's recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life. It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful. According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happy. According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy. Experiments were carried out to determine our body's genetic expression of feelings of happiness and meaning. A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health. According to the researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life. Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive. With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning in life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity. Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health.

We agree to accept ______ they thought was the best tourist guide.A. whateverB. whomeverC. whicheverD. whoever

He does not _____ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.A. equalB. matchC. qualifyD. fit

（）14.The Winter Olympic Games in Beijing started _ Feb.4th,2022.A. atB. inC. onD. to

[2024福建泉州质量监测(一)]How to Deal with a Colleague Who Keeps Challenging Your Views-|||-[2024福建泉州质量监测(一)]How to Deal with a Colleague Who Keeps Challenging Your Views-|||-It can be difficult to develop an environment of teamwork when you continually run up against a-|||-colleague who challenges your views. 1 This will ensure you respect one another,even when you-|||-disagree.-|||-Handle unnecessary confro对峙).-|||-If a co-worker habitually challenges you ideas in a group discussion in a confrontational manner,don`t-|||-engage him or get into an argument.Pause for a moment,look the colleague in the eye. 2 This will-|||-force the co-worker to either repeat his comment in front of everyone with the same level of confrontation,or-|||-soften his approach-|||-- 3 -|||-There`s a time and place for everything,including prof disagreements. If a colleague interrupts-|||-you or talks to you in an effort to contradict your point or insert(插入)his own opinion,gently remind him-|||-that you still have the floor.If the colleague is challenging something you say before you have a chance to-|||-address the point,note that as well.-|||-Agree to respect each other.-|||- 4 Constructive debate and brainstorming can strengt the overall performance of the entire team.-|||-Speak to your colleague at a time when you are emotionally stable.For example,you might say,"Can we-|||-agree to a respectful and civil way to discuss matters when it`s clear there`s no one`right`answer?"-|||-Prepare rebuttals(反驳).-|||-If a particular colleague has a long history of disagreeing with you,you might be able to anticipate his-|||-arguments or objections.Prepare rebuttals to address anything your colleague might throw at you. 5 It-|||-also strengthens your points without being confrontational,and allow you to give him credit for his-|||-constructive comments whe necessary.-|||-A.Hold your ground.-|||-B. for peace-making.-|||-C.This will help you support your own arguments.-|||-D.And ask him in a calm voice to repeat what he said.-|||-E.Here are the ways to deal with colleagues of this kind.-|||-F.Just find ways to make peace and communicate with your colleague.-|||-G.The bottom line is,colleagues are not going to agree with each other all the time.

She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral

43.We're fairly good at judging people based on first impressions, thin slices of experience ranging from a glimpse of a photo to a five-minute interaction, and deliberation can be not only extraneous but intrusive. In one study of the ability she dubbed "thin slicing", the late psychologist Nalini Ambady asked participants to watch silent 10-second video clips of professors and to rate the instructor's overall effectiveness. Their ratings correlated strongly with students end-of-semester ratings. Another set of participants had to count backward from 1,000 by nines as they watched the clips, occupying their conscious working memory. Their ratings were just as accurate, demonstrating the intuitive nature of the social processing. Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment,before giving the rating. Accuracy dropped dramatically. Ambady suspected that deliberation focused them on vivid but misleading cues, such as certain gestures of utterances, rather than letting the complex interplay of subtle signals form a holistic impression. She found similar interference when participants watched 15-second clips of pairs of people and judged whether they were strangers, friends, or dating partners. Other research shows we're better at detecting deception and sexual orientation from thin slices when we rely on intuition instead of reflection. "It's as if you're driving a stick shift, " says Judith Hall, a psychologist at Northeastern University, "and if you start thinking about it too much, you can't remember what you're doing. But if you go on automatic pilot, you're fine. Much of our social life is like that. " Thinking too much can also harm our ability to form preferences College students' ratings of strawberry jams and college courses aligned better with experts' opinions when the students weren't asked to analyze their rationale. And people made car-buying decisions that were both objectively better and more personally satisfying when asked to focus on their feelings rather than on details, but only if the decision was complex--when they had a lot of information to process. Intuition's special powers are unleashed only in certain circumstances. In one study, participants completed a battery of eight tasks, including four that tapped reflective thinking (discerning rules, comprehending vocabulary) and four that tapped intuition and creativity (generating new products or figures of speech). Then they rated the degree to which they had used intuition ("gut feelings, ""hunches, " "my heart" ). Use of their gut hurt their performance on the first four tasks, as expected,and helped them on the rest. Sometimes the heart is smarter than the head. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.B. A. Generating new products takes time C.D. B. Intuition may affect reflective tasks E.F. C. Vocabulary comprehension needs creativity G.H. D. Objective thinking may boost intuitiveness

Section C Chinese-English Translation (3x5)Directions: There are 5 sentences in this part. Please translate sentences write your answer on the Answer Sheet.56.他的考试成绩令人失望。57.有几个小孩在游泳池里游泳。58.你更喜欢哪一个，中餐还是西餐？59.请在明天早上8点开车去接李教授。60.在这个会议上，政府提倡男人和女人在就业机会上均等。

*本题备选项需点击原文处获取，在列表上点选即可。 Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their (36)_____ and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will (37)_____ them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future. Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must (38)_____ the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse (39)_____ on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any (40)_____ actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint (指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees (41)_____ and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected. If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be (42)_____ with the firm’s guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, (43)_____ them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor’s action toward a poorly performing worker can (44)_____ the attitudes of other employees. If no (45)_____ is imposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their productivity as well.