In the classic marriage vow (誓约), couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife- not the husband –becomes seriously ill. “Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce, " said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2, 717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50. The researchers examined how the onset (发生) of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic ( 慢性的) illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems. “We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,” Karraker said, "They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced. While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill. Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses(配偶),” Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.” Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce. “Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages.” she said. “But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”【小题1】What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? A．They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. B．They are not taken seriously any more. C．They are as binding as they used to be. D．They may help couples tide over hard times. A．They are generally not good at taking care of themselves. B．They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses. C．They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives. D．They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives. A．They are more accustomed to receiving care. B．They find it more important to make money for the family. C．They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations. D．They expect society to do more of the job. A．Reducing marital stress on wives. B．Stabilizing old couples' relations. C．Providing extra care for divorced women. D．Making men pay for their wives’ health costs. 【小题2】What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? A．They are generally not good at taking care of themselves. B．They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses. C．They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives. D．They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives. 【小题3】Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker? A．They are more accustomed to receiving care. B．They find it more important to make money for the family. C．They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations. D．They expect society to do more of the job. 【小题4】What does Karraker think is also important? A．Reducing marital stress on wives. B．Stabilizing old couples' relations. C．Providing extra care for divorced women. D．Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.

Fill in the back with the proper words given below, changing the form if necessary.fall upon do research on save up surprise .. withsatisfy with take a decision come up with search for1. Don't make a promise when you are in joy. Don't when you are angry.2. I was looking for a temporary job so that I would some money to go travelling.3. He a really creative solution to the problem.4.They the decision, as was agreed in advance.5. He us his sudden anger.6. You can use a directory service to people on the Internet.7. Hence, it is of great theoretical and applied significance to new CILP (软骨间蛋白质) technique.8. Tears the litter she was reading.

The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 1. _____ from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life. In a 2. _____ to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 3. _____ that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vchicles and put them on the road. “Michigan's 4. _____ in auto rescarch and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to 5. _____ our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen," says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead 6. _____ of four bills recently introduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would 7. _____ a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vchicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 8. _____ of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology. In 9. _____ ，California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 10. _____ rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.A. bid B. contrast C. deputy D. dominance E. fleets F.knots G. legislation H. migrated I. replace J. represent K. restrictive L. reward M. significant N. sponsor O. transmitted

Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below.Change the form where necessary.Each expression can be used only once. be in jeopardy bear no links to comply withcut down on economize on fare no betterpose a threat to weigh …against （1）If the goods do not ____ the contract specifications，the buyer can request several different kinds of compensation.（2）The company tried to release an improved milk chocolate bar using condensed milk rather than powdered milk，but it ____ than the previous products.（3）For the sake of health，we should ____ the intake of high-calorie and high-fat foods with poor nutritional value.（4）Wastewater and the increasing atmospheric CO2levels are two great environmental challenges that ____ human life.（5）The recent oil price rise was found to ____ the changes in supply and demand，but came as a result of uncertainty about the market.（6）Most experts agreed that the cost of conducting the experiment must ____ the potential benefit to society the research might provide.（7）In order to ____ natural resources and minimize waste disposal，it is necessary for everyone to get into the habit of recycling.（8）Many phishing emails（钓鱼电子邮件） try to deceive you with the threat that your account will ____ if it is not updated right away.

Susan made a（n）______effort to be friendly，keeping a graceful smile for all the guests even though she felt tired.（ ）A. awareB. conscientiousC. conceivableD. conscious

Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change. Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930. For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short- changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu(即兴的) tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food. The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you'll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way. In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution” uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a “hypnoidal trance(催眠恍惚状态),”causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and “picking things off shelves at random.” 46. What problem have supermarkets been facing?A) They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.B) They have been losing customers and profits.C) They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.D) They have difficulty adapting to climate change. 47. What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?A) It was put forward by King Kullen.C) It has been under constant debate.B) It originated in the United States.D) It proves revolutionary even today. 48. What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?A) They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.B) They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.C) They improved the quality of the food they sold.D) They revolutionized the distribution of goods. 49. What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?A) Arouse customers' appetite to buy flowers, fruit and vegetables.B) Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.C) Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.D) Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience. 50. What have people long feared about supermarkets?A) They use tricky strategies to promote their business.B) They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.C) They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.D) They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.

Banked close 5. Fill in the blanks by selecting suitable words from the word bank You may not use any of the words more than once . A abilities F fortunate K options B absorbed G gain L passionate C competent H generally M portions D confine I inevitably N reputable E . confirm J obsessed O resort When choosing a college or major you need to examine yourself: What are your 1)_and strengths? What are your weaknesses ? What do you want out of life? Are you socially 2) _or do you need family and friends’ support in order to 3)_ what you have decided is right? Your college does not have to be bigger than your high school . Don' t be 4) _with the size of your college . Since a smaller community is more favorable for self-exploration,many 5) _colleges have a smaller student population . It is not the number of people,but the people themselves and the kind of school community in which you will learn that really matter . You don' t have to 6) _to other people' s help, but think about the people in your life who are happy and successful and find out where they went to college . You will 7) _find that success in life has less to do with the choice of college than with the experience and opportunities you' ll 8) _while in college, coupled with personal qualities and traits . There are many 9) _to major in, but you may need the variety and depth of college coursework to determine the major you are 10) _about . Whether you choose your major out of personal interest or for the needs of society and the country, you may possibly change your settle on one .

Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in brackets, paying special attention to the subjunctive mood. 1. If I were you, I (accept ) _____ the job. 2. If they were here tomorrow, the problem (solve) _____. 3. Luckily I was wearing a seat belt. IfI hadn't been wearing one, I (injure) _____ seriously. 4. Were it for their help, we (not overcome) _____ the difficulties. 5. If we hadn't got everything ready by now, we (have) _____ a terrible time tomorrow. 6. He works with such enthusiasm as if he never (know) _____ fatigue (疲倦). 7. He wouldn't have been saved even if he (send) _____ to hospital at once. 8. If only I (take) _____ your advice at that time! 9. We wish that people everywhere (show) _____ more concern for the environment around them. 10. Modern business and industry demand that every manager (know) _____ much about economic management. 11. It is desired hat this rule (obey) ______ by everyone working here. 12. It is a great pity that he (be) _____ so stubborn (顽固). 13. It is high time that you (earn) _____ English and computer well. 14. I would rather that Mr. Williams (make) _____ the speech at the conference instead of the dean that day. 15. He would rather you (not see) _____ him any more in the future.

Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage. The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound(充裕), and homelessness remains a persistent problem. Despite this, popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities(便利设施). Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury. This is reflected in our homes. The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet. What's more, homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earlier models to have more of all types of spaces, bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, recreation rooms and garages. There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500U.S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim. The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions. Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle, using the low-wage labor of others? Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor? I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all. 46. What are big houses promoted to be in the United States? A) A luxury for the homeless. B) A reward for industriousness. C) An abundant source of comforts. D) An absolute necessity for happiness. 47. What is one of the consequences of living big? A) Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower. B) People from diverse backgrounds no longer socialize. C) People no longer have access to public swimming pools. D) Many Americans’ private life has been negatively affected. 48. What questions arise from living big? A) Questions related to moral principles. B) Questions having to do with labor cost. C) Questions about what lifestyle to promote. D) Questions concerning housing development. 49. What kind of social system does the author think is unacceptable? A) One in which the wealthy exploit the low-wage laborers building their houses. B) One in which the rich purchase amenities at an increasingly unjustifiable price. C) One in which the upper classes deprive the lower classes of affordable housing. D) One in which the affluent enjoy a more comfortable life at the expense of the poor. 50. What does the author advocate for people to live well? A) Finding ways to turn private spaces into public ones. B) Building more houses affordable to those less affluent. C) More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy. D) All amenities made accessible to the rich and the poor alike.