Listening Comprehension Section A Directions：In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers．At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said．The conversation and the question will be spoken only once．After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard． 1． W：Can you describe what you do? M：I wash office building windows．I go high up in the basket to reach the windows． Q：What is the man's job? A．A basketball player． B．A laundry worker． C．A window washer． D．A rock climber 2． M：Should we go out or eat in tonight? W：I am too tired to do any cooking． Q：What does the woman imply? A．She is not hungry． B．She wants to cook． C．She is not tired． D．She wants to dine out． 3． M：Hi, Grace．Tell me something about your hometown． W：It's so beautiful and peaceful．But it's really far away from everything． Q：What does the woman think of her hometown? A．Promising B．Isolated C．Crowded D．Modern 4． W：My printer is out of paper．I will run and get some． M：I will go with you．I need some fresh air． Q：Where will the speakers probably go? A．To a stationery shop． B．To a gymnasium． C．To a paint store． D．To a news stand． 5． M：I don't like the prices on the menu．They always seem too high． W：You will have a different view after eating the delicious food． Q：What does the woman mean? A．The man can see a different view． B．The food is not tasty enough． C．The man cannot afford the food． D．The food is worth the price． 6．M：I had a hard time getting through the novel． W：I know how you feel．Who could remember the names of 35 different characters? Q：What does the woman imply? A．She reads different kinds of books． B．She also finds the book difficult to read． C．She is impressed by the characters． D．She knows well how to remember names． 7．W：Why haven't we received any newspapers yet? M：Well, sometimes it takes a while for the post office to deliver it． Q：What can we learn from the conversation? A．The man will go to the post office． B．The post office is closed for the day． C．The woman is expecting the newspaper． D．The delivery boy has been dismissed． 8．M：My roommate and I are going to see a film tonight．And we are leaving at7∶40．Do you want to join us? W：Sure．But my class ends at 7：30．And the professor never finishes on time． Q：What can we learn about the woman? A．She is not sure if she can join them． B．She will skip the class to see the film． C．She will ask the professor for leave． D．She does not want to see a film． 9．W：Now that you are on the business, what's your advice for someone to become a fashion designer? M：Go to school．I mean it．Find a good school and learn as much as you can． Q：What does the man mean? A．Fashion designing is a booming business． B．School learning is a must for fashion designers． C．He hopes to attend a good fashion school． D．The woman should become a fashion designer． 10．W：Slow down．You are passing every car on the road． M：Most drivers usually ignore the speed limit unless they think the police will stop them． Q：What does the man mean? A．Few people drive within the speed limit． B．Drivers usually obey traffic rules． C．The speed limit is really reasonable． D．The police stop most drivers for speeding Section B Directions：In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages．The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once．When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard． Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage． I am Lynn．My previous job was as principal of a language school, where I received awards for training teachers to teach more effectively．A year ago, I started an international company．I spent months conducting programs in the US and Russia．During this time, some Russian immigrants came to stay at my house．Fortunately, these visitors helped a lot at home and made life easier．At the same time, I wrote several books to be published by my company and coedited a book for a major publisher． I am grateful I have a photographic memory, so I can remember everything I see．Otherwise, I might not be that productive．In addition to my work, I have a family at home．Some of my children have had serious health problems from birth, but I try to handle those problems well and efficiently．With tremendous help from my parents, the kids are fed, and clothed, and educated． I am busy from the time I get up until the time I go to bed．My time has to be carefully planned．I do not like to be interrupted because I want to accomplish my goals． Questions： 11．What was the speaker's previous job? 12．What helps to make the speaker productive according to the passage? 13．What does the passage mainly tell us? 11．A．A book publisher．B．A company manager． C．A magazine editor． D．A school principal． 12．A．Some training experience． B．A happy family． C．Russian assistants' help． D．A good memory． 13．A．Lynn's devotion to the family． B．Lynn's busy and successful life． C．Lynn's great performance at work． D．Lynn's efficiency in conducting programs． Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage． Job interviews can generally be divided into three types． The first is what I would call the traditional interview．This is usually just a series of standard questions about qualifications, work experience and expectations．So what you have here is basically a list of quite direct questions, like what duties did you have in your previous job．This is still the model for a lot of interviews today．In my view it's not the best to select staff． Then there is the case interview．Here the interviewer presents a problem and a series of questions to find out how the candidate would approach the problem．It might go something like this, ‘A company wants to hire more graduates without spending more than its current budget．What would you advise them to do? ’This can be particularly challenging, for you need to analyze the problem and solve it． The third type is known as the behavioral interview．The questions are usually designed to find out about how the candidates handle tricky situations in the past．A typical question might be ‘Can you give me an example of a situation where you had to follow orders that you didn't agree with? ’ This opens up a lot of information and the interviewer gets to see more of the candidate． Questions： 14．What kind of questions are usually asked in the traditional interview? 15．What does the case interview focus on about the candidate? 16．What does the speaker mainly talk about? 14．A．Economic questions． B．Routine questions．C．Academic questions． D．Challenging questions． 15．A．Work experience． B．Educational qualifications． C．Problem－solving abilities． D．lnfomation－gathering abilities． 16．A．Features of different types of interview． B．Skills in asking interview questions． C．Changes in three interview models． D．Suggestions for different job interviews． Section C Directions：In section C, you will hear two longer conversations．The conversations will be read twice．After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard．Write your answers on your answer sheet． 1． W：Hi, Bruce, it's Naomi． M：Hi, Naomi． W：I'm calling about the conference in Shanghai on November 8th．We have to make some changes． M：OK, go ahead． W：I don't think the peace guardian will be big enough．We need a center that can seat at least 600． M：That many? Any suggestions? W：The Palace Center will be free that day, but it will mean increasing the registration fee by ＄50．From ＄800 to ＄850． M：That won't be a problem．Anything else? W：Milan University says they are sending Carla Marisco instead of Professor Bertoni．But the talk would be the same, Opportunities and Risks in the African Market． M：Fine．Make those changes and all inform everyone at my end． Complete the form．Write ONE WORD for each answer．Latest Conferencernformat-|||-Latest Conferencernformat-|||-Place:Palace 18 Shanghai-|||-Registration fee: 19 -|||-Speaker:Carla Marisco from Milan University-|||-Speech topic :Opportunities and Risks in the 20 Market 2．W：David, we all know you took up skateboarding at ten．But did your parents support you? M：Yeah, my parents even let me skate in the house． W：Did they? M：Yeah, they were pretty cool． W：How about your school work? M：That was fine．I was able to get my school work done with good grades．My only problem was that I had so much physical energy that I could not sit still in class．Then some teachers started taking my skateboard away． W：That couldn't stop you from staking? M：No way．The cool thing was that my parents managed to find me a different school．The headmaster there was wonderful．He let us plan our own P．E．classes．So guess what class I created． W：Skateboarding． M：You got it．That was my P．E．class．By that time I was turning professional and starting to show off some techniques at competitions． W：Is that when your new style became famous? M：Yeah．Other skaters had this smooth flowing style, but I was kind of like a robot always coming up with new tricks． Complete the form．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．Latest Conferencernformat-|||-Latest Conferencernformat-|||-Place:Palace 18 Shanghai-|||-Registration fee: 19 -|||-Speaker:Carla Marisco from Milan University-|||-Speech topic :Opportunities and Risks in the 20 Market

【题目】 综合练习 I.用合适的连接代词或连接副词填空，每空只能填一个词： 1.We haven't discussed yet we are going to place our new furniture. 2.I want to be liked and loved for I am inside 3.-Have you finished the book? -No.Ive read up to the children discover the secret cave. -I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. -That's I don't agree.You should have a more active life. 5.Part of the reason wihy Charles Dickens loved his own novel,David Copperfield,was it was rather closely modeled on his own life. 6.How much one enjoys himself travelling dapends largely on he goes with,whether his friends cr relatives. She is very dear to us.We have bean prepared to do it takes to save her life. 8.The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 9.Could I speak to is in charge of Intemational Sales please? 10.One of the most important questions thay had to consider was_ of public health. 11.The How to Book can be of help to wants to do the job. 12.As a new diplomat,he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions 13.News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Peking University. 14.It Is obvious to the students they should get well prepared for their future. 15.-Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport? -No problem. 16.We should consider the students'request the school library provide more books on popular scienoe. 17.Many young people in the West are expected to leave could be life's most important cecison--marnace-almost entirely up to luck.. 18.The little girl who got lost decided to remain she was and wait for her mother 19.The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. 20.The last time we had great fun was_ we were visiting the Water Park. 21- A wam thought suadenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday. -It's thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story,balieve it or not, we got lost on a rainy night. 23.See the flags on top of the building?That was we did this moning. 24 -What did ycur parents think about your decision? -They always let me do I think I should. 25 _makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. 26.Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game 27.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth. 28.Do you have any idea _is actually going cn in the classroom? 29.Danby left words with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon. 30.It makes no difference we'll share the office with 31.I don't know they will do with this old machine. 32.My idea is -we shculd get more pecple to do the work. you can cure a patient or not depends on your skills. 34.It surprised me_ she had married three times. In spite of has recently been done to provide more buses for pecple,a shortage of public vehicles in some areas remains a serious problem. 36.When we cbserve the language behavior of we regard as primitive cultures,we find it surprisingly complicated. 37.Australia has offered to send a small team of police to help investigate the siege, included identifying victims and assisting the farrilies to gat over is now one of the world's biggest tragedies. 38.Word got round quickly throughout the country the national women's volleyball team had won the championship in the Olympic Games. 39.After seemed to be a long time,the singer appeared on the stage,facing the excited audience. 40.Scientists are not sure where the first plant was grown cr even plant it was. 41.It was he showed us at the ccnference shocked all of us. 42 does not strike the hours on a bell should not be called a clock. 43.What he emphasized over and over again was no matter how difficult it might be,they should never retreat even for an inch. 44.We must make sure definite results will be achieved. 45.Evidence has been found through years of study children's early sleeping problem is likely to continue when they grow up. 46. I mace a promise to myself this year,my first year in high school,would be different. 47.The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. 48.No one has gven clear evidence Snowdon is a Chinese spy. 49.The limits of a person's intelligence,generally speaking,are fixed at birth,but he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 50. It doesn't matter. you turn right or left at the crossing,both roads lead to the park. 51.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for he could find about Mark Twain. 52.Scientists study human brains work to make ccmputers. 53.As many as five courses are provided,and you are free to choose suits you best. 54. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently. 55.It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 56.Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter you have lived there for a short or a long time. 57.It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike. 58.It doesn't matter you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 59.We promise attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 60.There is clear evidence. the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. 61.It is still under discussion the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 62.It is not always easy for the public to see_ _use a new invention can be of to human life. 63.Beiore a problem can te solved,it must be obvious the problem itself is. 64.The shocking news made me realize terrible prcblems we would face. 65.It was never clear. the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. 66.His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out it is that he is trying to express 67.Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 68.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast. 69.When the news came the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army. 70.Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases. 71.I'd like to start my own business-that's_ I'd do if I had the monay. 72.Despite the fact_ they lacked food,the explorers continued towards the goal. 73.Portable videophones will show us is happering at the other end of the line 74.I have no idea _the journalist could have got his information from. 75. comes will be weloomed to the open-air ooncert

Inequality Is Not Inevitable[A] A dangerous trend has developed over this past third of a century. A country that experienced shared growth after World War II began to tear apart, so much so that when the Great Recession hit in late 2007, one could no longer ignore the division that had come to define the American economic landscape. How did this "shining city on a hill" become the advanced country with the greatest level of inequality? [B] Over the past year and a half, The Great Divide, a series in The New York Times, has presented a wide range of examples that undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn't apply in the democracies of the 21st. We don't need to have this much inequality in America.[C] Our current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism. For proof of this go back to our response to the Great Recession, where we socialized losses, even as we privatized gains. Perfect competition should drive profits to zero, at least theoretically, but we have monopolies making persistently high profits. C.E.O.s enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the typical worker, a much higher ratio than in the past, without any evidence of a proportionate increase in productivity.[D] If it is not the cruel laws of economics that have led to America's great divide, what is it? The straightforward answer: our policies and our politics. People get tired of hearing about Scandinavian success stories, but the fact of the matter is that Sweden, Finland and Norway have all succeeded in having about as much or faster growth in per capita （人均的） incomes than the United States and with far greater equality.[E] So why has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies? Part of the answer is that as World War Ⅱ faded into memory, so too did the solidarity it had created. As America triumphed in the Cold War, there didn't seem to be a real competitor to our economic model. Without this international competition, we no longer had to show that our system could deliver for most of our citizens.[F] Ideology and interests combined viciously. Some drew the wrong lesson from the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991. The pendulum swung from much too much government there to much too little here. Corporate interests argued for getting rid of regulations, even when those regulations had done so much to protect and improve our environment, our safety, our health and the economy itself.[G] But this ideology was hypocritical （虚伪的）. The bankers, among the strongest advocates of laissez-faire （自由放任的） economics, were only too willing to accept hundreds of billions of dollars from the government in the aid programs that have been a recurring feature of the global economy since the beginning of the Thatcher-Reagan era of "free" markets and deregulation.[H] The American political system is overrun by money. Economic inequality translates into political inequality, and political inequality yields increasing economic inequality. So corporate welfare increases as we reduce welfare for the poor. Congress maintains subsidies for rich farmers as we cut back on nutritional support for the needy. Drug companies have been given hundreds of billions of dollars as we limit Medicaid benefits. The banks that brought on the global financial crisis got billions while a tiny bit went to the homeowners and victims of the same banks' predatory （掠夺性的） lending practices. This last decision was particularly foolish. There were alternatives to throwing money at the banks and hoping it would circulate through increased lending.[I] Our divisions are deep. Economic and geographic segregation has immunized those at the top from the problems of those down below. Like the kings of ancient times, they have come to perceive their privileged positions essentially as a natural right.[J] Our economy, our democracy and our society have paid for these gross inequalities. The true test of an economy is not how much wealth its princes can accumulate in tax havens （庇护所）, but how well off the typical citizen is. But average incomes are lower than they were a quarter-century ago. Growth has gone to the very, very top, whose share has almost increased four times since 1980. Money that was meant to have trickled （流淌） down has instead evaporated in the agreeable climate of Cayman Islands.[K] With almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living in poverty, and with America doing so little for its poor, the deprivations of one generation are being visited upon the next. Of course, no country has ever come close to providing complete equality of opportunity. But why is America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents? [L] Among the most bitter stories in The Great Divide were those that portrayed the frustrations of the young, who long to enter our shrinking middle class. Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens. Those with only a high school diploma have seen their incomes decline by 13 percent over the past 35 years.[M] Where justice is concerned, there is also a huge divide. In the eyes of the rest of the world and a significant part of its own population, mass imprisonment has come to define America—a country, it bears repeating, with about 5 percent of the world's population but around a fourth of the world's prisoners.[N] Justice has become a commodity, affordable to only a few. While Wall Street executives used their expensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose （取消赎回权） on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money.[O] More than a half-century ago, America led the way in advocating for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today, access to health care is among the most universally accepted rights, at least in the advanced countries. America, despite the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, is the exception. In the relief that many felt when the Supreme Court did not overturn the Affordable Care Act, the implications of the decision for Medicaid were not fully appreciated. Obamacare's objective—to ensure that all Americans have access to health care—has been blocked: 24 states have not implemented the expanded Medicaid program, which was the means by which Obamacare was supposed to deliver on its promise to some of the poorest.[P] We need not just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class. Solutions to these problems do not have to be novel. Far from it. Making markets act like markets would be a good place to start. We must end the rent-seeking society we have gravitated toward, in which the wealthy obtain profits by manipulating the system.[Q] The problem of inequality is not so much a matter of technical economics. It's really a problem of practical politics. Inequality is not just about the top marginal tax rate but also about our children's access to food and the right to justice for all. If we spent more on education, health and infrastructure （基础设施）, we would strengthen our economy, now and in the future.In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum. The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor. America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival for its economic model. The wealthy top have come to take privileges for granted. Many examples show the basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply in present-day America. The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market. A quarter of the world's prisoner population is in America. Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades. Justice has become so expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives can afford it. No country in the world so far has been able to provide completely equal opportunities for all.

阅读理解(本大题共 15小题,共30.0分)ASECONDARY PROGRAMS & RESOURCESPRESENTATION - EXPI . ORING WILD)-LIFE CONSERVATION (1 HOUR)3 per student plus admissionLearn about several of the Toronto Zoo's conservation projects that are workin tosave endangered specie s200 AMBASSALDOR SIULENTVOLUNIEEKSThe Toronto Zoo is looking for secondary students who enjoy interacting with people toasist at spccia I eventsand our summerg-ooCamp..For more information, email tzvolunteers @ torontozoo. ca.HALF-DAY WORKSHOP 一 CLIMATECHANGE4 per student plusadmission. Students will learn about natural and human causescontributing to climate change and th effectit is having on ecosystemsGREEN TECHNOLOCY TOUR (I HOUR)2 per atulecat plus edmissiunLearn about siustainable(可持续的) development practices while visiting a few ot the green projects perfurmed at the Zo oGUIDED TOURS•Endangered Species•Evolution•Climate Change•Wildlife Health CentreAll tours can be adapted lor students with special needs or English as a second lan guageZOO SCHOOLStudents can corn tbeir grode 11 biology credit in the summer at the Torunto Zoo! This unique experience includeg behind-the-scenes tours, getting close to animale.career discussions with Zoo staff and interactive classroom discussions 2019, Repistration now open 2020, Registration dotails gvnilahle early 2019For registration deteils, pleaac vieit： _ toron-tozoo,_com/ educationandcamps/SECONDARY LEVEI ASSIGNMENTS FREE to download from website. Challenge your students to observe read, think, record data and make theirown discoveries at the Zoo zooschoolWILDLIFE HEALTH CENTREEducate your students about the vital behind-the scenes work of the 7oo's wildli sciencc specialists including reproductive sciences nutritional physiology. and conservation andwildife research Viewing times may vary. Please call 416 - 392- - 5932 for 0rrent information.Full program descriptions available at torontozoo com or email schools @torontozoo. cafor more informatiion .1.What opportunity can students get according to the text ?A.Helping in the summer Zoo Camp .B.Feeding and training animals in the zoo .C.Volunteering in the zoo's routine work .D.Earning their grade 10 biology credit .2.How much does a program about climate cost ?A. Free of charge.C. 3. D. 4.3.How can people get all the program information ?A. Call 416-392-5932 .B.Visit : torontozoo . com.C.Email tzvolunteers@torontozoo . ca.D.Visit: torontozoo . com/educationandcamps/zooschoo1.BI have three kids and a great husband and I'm enjoying a career that I find challenging and fun . To the outside world , this feels like "success , " But there is still a voice in my heart asking if this is who I truly am . Only in silence do I hear the self and wonder who that person might be .So I booked a trip to find out. I travelled , for the first time , without my husband or kids . I went to Iceland with a friend , who shares an appreciation for wilderness and silence .For six days, we were immersed (沉浸) in wild, raw scenery and real weather - all kinds of weather. Climbing a mountain against rain and returning to a tent for a simple meal reminds you how little you actually need . And how strong it feels to be uncomfortable sometimes .I found silence in Iceland , and time to consider the me outside of career and the me outside of kinds as I shared stories with strangers .When I stopped talking and just listened , I became more generous. I learned that choosing to be generous can create more space more food and more warmth .But I didn't really gain any better appreciation of what I want from life or my job . I suspect the anxiety that drove me to seek silence in Iceland was losing sight of my ability to choose gratitude and joy , and to be present in the challenges I set in my career and my family .I came home to noise, rush and love, with no less confusion on who I want to be . I know the answer isn't waiting out there on the top of a mountain in Iceland . The answer is in front of me with every step on my own life's path , and in every choice I make .4.Why did the author take a trip to Iceland ?A.To gain a new experience .B.To enjoy family happiness .C.To appreciate natural beauty.D.To better understand herself.5.What do we learn about the author's trip ?A. Exciting . B. Difficult . C. Relaxing . D. Adventurous .6.What change happened to the author?A. She felt lonelier . B. She felt more anxious .C. She became more confident. D. She became more caring.7.What will the author do in the future ?A.Go back to nature.B.Face reality bravely .C.Travel to Iceland more often .D.Pay less attention to her feelings .CIn America , the number of people killed in car crashes in 2016 was above 40, 000 for the first time in a decade, data released on Wednesday shows."Americans believe there is nothing we can do to stop crashes from happening , but that isn't true. We are behind the rest of the developed world in addressing highway fatalities (死亡) . We just haven't been willing to do what needs to be done, "said Deborah A. P. Hersman, president of the National Safety Council .The National Safety Council data shows a 6 percent increase in deaths in 2018 when compared with 2015 and a 3 percent increase in the number of miles Americana drove in 2016 ."Motor vehicle fatality numbers have been ringing the alarm for two years , "Hersman said. "Unfortunately , we have been blind to the data and the killings on our roadways. If we fail to take action , the death tell will continue to rise . ""The trend is clear: After years of progress, highway deaths are heading in the wrong direction, "said Jonathan Adkins , a state safety official .The number of people killed reached a record low of 32 , 675 in 2014, according to NHTSA statistics. That record followed a fairly steady downward track for the past six years that experts attributed it primarily to safety features that have been built into cars and trucks .Safety advances including increased seat-belt use, air bags, anti-lock braking , stability controls and electronic warnings and cameras.The bad economy and high gas prices also influenced the reduction in deaths . Now, with unemployment and gas prices both low , more people are driving for work and pleasure trips . "It's not just that Americans drive more miles when the economy improves ; it's the kind of miles they drive , "said Adrian Lund , president of the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety . 8. What's Hersman's attitude towards the present situation ?A.It has been getting better.B.It can hardly be improved .C.The efforts are far from enough .D.Much work hart already been done .9.What do we learn about the number of highway deaths in 2013 in America ?A.It's lower than that in 2014 .B.It's lower than that in 2010 .C.It's the lowest in recent years .D.It's the highest in recently years .10.What will happen with the economic recovery ?A.The gas prices will go up .B.The gas price will go down .C.There will be more highway deaths .D.There will be fewer highway deaths .11.What would be the best title for the passage ?A.Traffic Deaths Are on the RiseB.Highway Deaths Will Drop offC.Measures to Handle Car CrashesD.Safety Advances in Cars Are MadeDIt sounds almost too good to be true, but a new study on sleeping brains suggests that listening to languages while you sleep can actually help you to learn them .For the study, researchers played recordings of foreign words and their translations to subjects enjoying slow-wave sleep , a stage when a person has 1ittle consciousness of their environment . To ensure that the results were not compromised by foreign language words that subjects may have had some contact with at some point in their waking lives, researchers made up totally nonexistent foreign words .When the subjects woke up , they were presented with the made-up words again without their translations . The subjects were then asked to imagine whether this made-up word indicated an object that was either smaller or larger. This vague( 模糊的) way of testing their understanding of the words is an approach that is supposed to tap into the unconscious memory .Unbelievably , the subjects were able to correctly classify the words in this way at an accuracy rate that was 10 percent higher than random chance. That's not a rate high enough to have them suddenly communicating in a foreign tongue , but it is enough to suggest that the brain is still absorbing information on some level , even during sleep.Researchers have long known that sleep is important for memory , but previously its role in memory was thought to relate only to the preservation and organization of memories acquired during wakefulness . This is the first time that memory formation has been shown to be active during sleep .In other words , our brains are listening to the world , and learning about it, even when our conscious selves are not present.The next step for researchers will be to see if new information can be 1earned quicker during wakefulness if it was already presented during sleep . If so, it could forever change how we train our brains to learn new things . Sleep learning might become a widespread practice .12.Why did researchers use some made-up words in the study?A.To guarantee the accuracy of the test result.B.To increase the difficulty of testing information .C.To avoid the subjects cheating in the experiment .D.To test if our brain are good at learning something new .13.What were the subjects asked to do in the study?A.Classify what they heard by size .B.Make up a word to represent"large"or"small" .C.Repeat the words they heard in the sleep.D.Imagine the meanings of the made-up words .14.What conclusion did researchers draw from this study ?A.Sleep is necessary for a good memory.B.Memory formation goes on during sleep .C.Listening during sleep is good for our brain .D.Learning languages in sleep has better effects.15.What will be the researchers'next plan ?A.To train people how to learn during sleep .B.To prove the existence of unconscious memory .C.To dig out the reason for unconscious learning .D.To study the effect of sleep learning on conscious learning ..

We also_the research facilities available and license technology from independent sources.A. generateB. plungeC. plug inD. plum

Fill in the blanks in the box with verbs that collocate with decision","life"-|||-and"problem".Then fill in the blanks in the sentences with collocations-|||-from the box.Make changes where necessary.-|||-make a decision change one`s life encounter a problem-|||-announce a decision enjoy one`s life raise a problem-|||-a decision one`s life a problem-|||-(达成决定) (塑造生活) (分析问题)-|||-a decision one`s life a problem-|||-(通过决定) (改善生活) (解决问题)-|||-1 When designing teaching materials and syllabus,a growing number of universities intend to-|||-integrate expanding knowledge with fostering students`abilities in __-|||-......decisions,-|||-tackling problems, and maintaining creativity.-|||-2"The reason why we were unable to __ a decision is that everybody has his or her-|||-own opinion,"he said.

Creative Justice Throwing criminals in jail is an ancient and widespread method of punishment, but is it a wise one It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in a place where they find fewer opportunities to hurt innocent people, and where they might discover that crime doesn’t pay. The system has long been considered fair and sound by those who want to see the guilty punished and society protected. Yet the value of this form of justice is now being questioned by the very men who have to apply it: the judges. The reason, they say, is that prison doesn’t do anyone any good. Does it really help society, or the victim, or the victim’s family, to put in jail a man who, while drunk at the wheel of his car, has injured or killed another person It would be more helpful to make the man pay for his victim’s medical bills and compensate him for the bad experience, the loss of working time, and any other problems arising from the accident. If the victim is dead, in most cases his family could use some financial assistance. The idea of compensation is far from new: some ancient nations had laws defining very precisely what should be paid for every offense and injury. In Babylon, around 2700 B. C., a thief had to give back five times the value of the goods he had stolen; in Rome, centuries later, thieves only paid double. "Good system!" say modern judges, who know what bad effects a prison term can have on a nonviolent first offender. A young thief who spends time in jail receives there a thorough education in crime from his fellow prisoners. Willingly or not, he has to associate with tough criminals who will drag him into more serious offenses, more prison terms ― a life of repeated wrongdoing that will leave a trail of victims and cost the community a great deal of money; for it is very expensive to put a man on trial and keep him in jail. Such considerations have caused a number of English and American judges to try other kinds of punishment for "light" criminals, all unpleasant enough to discourage the offenders from repeating their offenses, but safe for them because they are not exposed to dangerous company. They pay for their crime by "helping their victims, financially or otherwise, or by doing unpaid labor for their community; they may have to work for the poor or the mentally ill, to clean the streets of their town, collect little or plant trees, or to do some work for which they are qualified. Or perhaps they take a job and repay their victim out of their salary. This sort of punishment, called an alternative sentence, is applied only to nonviolent criminals who are not likely to be dangerous to the public, such as forgers, shoplifters, and drivers who have caused traffic accidents. Alternative sentences are considered particularly good for young offenders. The sentenced criminal has the right to refuse the new type of punishment if he prefers a prison term. Since alternative sentences are not defined by law, it is up to the judges to find the punishment that fits the crime. They have shown remarkable imagination in applying what they call "creative justice. " A dentist convicted of killing a motorcyclist while driving drunk has been condemned to fix the teeth of the poor and the elderly at his own expense one day a week for a full year. Another drunk driver (age nineteen) was ordered to work in the emergency room of a hospital once a week for three years, so that he could see for himself the results of careless driving. A thief who had stolen some equipment from a farmer had to raise a pig and a calf for his victim. A former city treasurer, guilty of dishonest actions, was put to raising money for the Red Cross. A group of teenagers were sentenced to fix ten times the number of windows that they had smashed "just for fun" one wild evening. Grafiti artists have been made to scrub walls, benches, and other "decorated" places. Other young offenders caught snatching old ladies’ purses have been condemned to paint or repair old people’s houses or to work in mental hospitals. A doctor who had attacked his neighbor during a snowball fight had to give a lecture on the relation between smoking and cancer. A college professor arrested in a protest demonstration was ordered to write a long essay on civil disobedience, and the president of a film company, who had forged 42,000 worth of checks, had to make a film about the danger of drugs, to be shown in schools. The project cost him 45,000, besides the fine that he had been sentenced to pay. The judges’ creativity is not reserved for individuals only; lawbreaking companies also can receive alternative sentences. They are usually directed to make large contributions to charities or projects that will benefit their community. Instead of trying new types of sentences, some judges have explored new ways of using the old ones. They have given prison term to be served on weekends only, for instance ― a sentence that allows married offenders to retain their jobs and to keep their families together. Although the public tends to find the weekend sentences much too light, the offenders ’do not always agree. Says one, "it’s worse than serving one term full time, because it’s like going to jail twenty times. " But prison personnel object that it is too easy for weekenders to bring drugs and other forbidden goods to the other inmates: they have to be searched carefully and create extra problems and work for the guards. Alternative sentencing is now practiced in seventeen states and is spreading fast. Judges meet regularly to compare sentences and share their experiences. The federal government has announced that it would provide guidelines to prevent the courts from giving widely different sentences for similar offenses. The judges have not welcomed the idea; they feel that it will narrow their choice of sentences and clip the wings of their imagination. The supporters of the new justice point out that it presents many advantages. It reduces prison crowding, which has been responsible for much violence and crime among inmates. It saves a great deal of money, and decreases the chances of bad influence and repeated offenses. It also provides some help to the victims, who have always been neglected in the past. Many judges think that alternative sentences may also be beneficial to the offenders themselves, by forcing them to see the effects of their crimes and the people who have suffered from them. The greatest resistance to the new kind of justice comes from the families of victims who have died. Bent on revenge, many angrily refuse any sort of compensation. They want the criminal locked up in the good old-fashioned way. They believe, reasonably, that the only just punishment is the one that fits the crime. And they fail to understand the purpose of alternative sentencing. What the judges are trying to find is the kind of punishment that will not only be just, but useful to society, by helping the victims and their families, the community, and those offenders who can be reformed. "This," says a "creative" judge, "is true justice. English and American judges are trying to use alternative sentencing to punish ______. A. all criminals B. "light" criminals C. "heavy" criminals D. poor criminals