【单选题】What does the author mean by saying "blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm" (Para. 4)? PASSAGE PASSAGE PASSAGE After decades of being on the back burner owing to costs far outweighing benefits, deep sea mining is now emerging as a serious threat to the stability of ocean systems and processes that have yet to be understood well enough to punish in good conscience their large-scale destruction. Critical to evaluating what is at stake are technologies needed to access the deep sea. The mining company, Nautilus Minerals, has invested heavily in mining machinery. However, resources needed for independent scientific assessment at those depths are essentially non-existent. The role of life in the deep sea relating to the carbon cycle is vaguely understood, and the influence of the microbial(微生物) systems (only recently discovered) and the diverse ecosystems in the water column and sea bed have yet to be thoughtfully analyzed. The principle of exploiting minerals in the deep sea is based on their perceived current monetary value. The living systems that will be destroyed are perceived to have no monetary value. Will decisions about use of the natural world continue to be based on the financial advantage for a small number of people despite risks to systems that maintain planetary stability -- systems that support human survival? The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) World Conservation Congress helps set in motion some significant and very timely actions that could help blunt the sharp edge of enthusiasm for dividing up the deep ocean. Whatever it takes, there must be ways to elevate recognition of the critical importance of intact natural systems. We need technologies to access the deep sea to independently explore and understand the nature of Earth's largest living system. But most importantly, we need the will to challenge and change the attitudes, traditions and policies about the natural world that have driven us to burn through the assets as if there is no tomorrow. This "as if" can be a reality -- or not -- depending on what we do now. Or what we fail to do. However, there is undeniably cause for hope: there is still time to choose.A. Put a stop to the deep sea mining projects.B. Solve the conflicts among deep sea miners.A.Cool down the craze of deep sea exploitation.D. Recognize the enthusiasm towards the ocean.

37.Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone（Ulez）is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality,and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,。school streets",even individual roads-are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution.We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone? A.B. A. Its effects are questionable C.D. B. It has been opposed by a judge E.F. C. It needs tougher enforcement G.H. D. Its fate is yet to be decided

---- Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York? ---- I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

What does Aleis Walton plan to do after his graduation after high schoolA Go to college.B Pursue higher learningC Begin a careerD Make history in his family

When a rare disease ALD threatened to kill the four-year-old boy Lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. Doctors explained that there was no cure for ALD, and that he would probably die within three years. But Lorenzo’s parents set out to prove the doctors wrong. The parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. But doctors and the families of other ALD patients often refused to take them seriously. They thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies weren’t interested in supporting research into such a rare disease. However, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. Through trial and error, they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. The cure, named "Lorenzo’s Oil", saved the boy’s life. Despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. They said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. As a result, some families with ALD children were reluctant to try it. Finally, the boy’s father organized an international study to test the oil. After ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ALD children healthy. (1) Doctors said that Lorenzo might die within three years because_____ . A. they had never treated the disease before B. Lorenzo was too young to be cured C. no cure had been found for ALD D. ALD was a rare disease (2) The families of other ALD patients thought that _____ . A. the research for the new cure would cost too much money B. the efforts of Lorenzo’s parents were a waste of time C. Lorenzo’s parents would succeed in finding a cure D. Lorenzo’s oil was a real cure for ALD (3) Scientists and doctors believed that Lorenzo’s Oil_____. A. was really effective B. was a success story C. only worked in theory D. would save the boy’s life (4) From the passage we can conclude that_____. A. doctors remain doubtful of the effectiveness of the cure B. many ALD patients still refuse to use the oil C. various cures have been found for ALD D. the oil really works as a cure for ALD

"The dangerous thing about lying is people don't understand how the act changes us, “says DanAriely, behavioural psychologist at Duke University. Psychologists have documented children lying as early as the age of two. Some experts even consider lying a developmental milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires sophisticated planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else's perspective to manipulate them. But, for most people, lying gets limited as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate. Harvard cognitive neuroscientist. Joshua Greene says, for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he gave subjects a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI machine, which maps blood flow to active parts of the brain. Some people told the truth instantly and instinctively. But others opted to lie, and they showed increased activity in their frontal parietal(颅腔壁的) control network , which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and dishonesty—and ultimately opting for the latter. For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural(神经的) reward centres were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars—suggesting that lying may have to do with the inability to resist temptation. External conditions also matter in terms of when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows，when we are able to rationalise it, when we are stressed and fatigued or see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching. “We as a society need to understand that, when we don't punish lying，we increase the probability it will happen again , " Ariely says. In a 2016 study published in the journal Nature Neuroscience，Ariely and colleagues showed how dishonesty alters people's brains，making it easier to tell lies in the future. When people uttered a falsehood, the scientists noticed a burst of activity in their amygdala. The amygdala is a crucial part of the brain that produces fear，anxiety and emotional responses—including that sinking，guilty feeling you get when you lie. But when scientists had their subjects play a game in which they won money by deceiving their partner，they noticed the negative signals from the amygdala began to decrease. Not only that，but when people faced no consequences for dishonesty ,their falsehoods tended to get even more sensational. This means that if you give people multiple opportunities to lie for their own benefit, they start with little lies which get bigger over time.1. Why do some experts consider lying a milestone in a child's development?A. It shows they have the ability to view complex situations from different angles.B. It indicates they have an ability more remarkable than crawling and walking.C. It represents their ability to actively interact with people around them.D. It involves the coordination of both their mental and physical abilities.2. Why does the Harvard neuroscientist say that lying takes work?A. It is hard to choose from several options.B. It is difficult to sound natural or plausible.C. It requires speedy blood flow into one's brain.D. It involves lots of sophisticated mental activity.3. Under what circumstances do people tend to lie?A. When they become too emotional.B. When they face too much peer pressure. C. When the temptation is too strong.D. When the consequences are not imminent.4. When are people less likely to lie?A. When they are worn out and stressed. B. When they are under watchful eyes. C. When they think in a rational way.D. When they have a clear conscience.5. What does the author say will happen when a liar does not get punished?A. They may feel justified.B. They will tell bigger lies. C. They will become complacent.D. They may mix lies and truths.

What might be the extra program that the man will choose?A. Public health.B. African studies.C. Political science.D. International relations.

According to the new dress rules, students can't wear ______ at Hanson Academy.A. sports shoesB. tiesC. suitable trousersD. black leather shoes

We need to improve the level of agricultural mechanization and use machines to _ labor.A. instituteB. submitC. subtractD. substitute