We are in for more turbulence. The consequences are clearly spreading from Wall Street to Main Street. The recent performance of nonfinancial stocks indicates that investors are well aware of the fact.The Fed (美国联邦储备局) now, like the Fed in the 1930s, is very much groping in the dark. Every financial crisis is different, and this one is no exception. It is hard to avoid concluding that the Fed made a big mistake when deciding that Lehman Bros. could safely be allowed to fail. It did not adequately understand the possible consequences for other institutions of allowing a primary dealer to go bankrupt. It failed to understand that its own actions were bringing us to the brink of a destructive financial battle.If there is a defense, it has been offered by Rick Mishkin, the former Fed governor, who has asserted that the current shock to the financial system is even more complex than that of the Great Depression. Absorbing the shock is more difficult this time because it is internal to the financial system. Central to the problem are excessive power, lack of transparency, and risk taking in the financial sector itself. There has been a housing-market collapse, but in contrast to the 1930s there has been no general collapse of prices and economic activity. Corporate defaults have remained relatively low, which has been a much-needed source of comfort to the financial system. But this also makes resolving the problem more difficult. Since there has been no collapse of prices and economic activity, we are not now going to be able to grow or inflate our way out of the crisis, as we did after 1933.This time the Fed will provide however much liquidity (流动资金) the economy needs. There will be no tax increases designed to balance the budget against the economic slump.And what the contraction (收缩) of the financial services industry takes, the expansion of exports can give back, what with the continuing growth of the BRICS (金砖五国), no analogy for which existed in the 1930s. The ongoing decline of the dollar will be the mechanism bringing about this reallocation of resources. But the US economy is not going to be able to move unemployed investment bankers onto industrial assembly lines overnight.1. What does “Main Street” represent?A) The virtual economy and financial brokers.B) The newspaper publishing.C) The financial markets, major financial institutions and big corporation.D) Local businesses and working people. 2. What do we know about the Fed from the passage?A) It made a wrong decision in tackling the financial crisis. B) It is still groping in the dark and can do nothing to help.C) It couldn’t understand why other institutions would allow a primary dealer to go bankrupt.D) It failed to take us away from the brink of a destructive financial battle.3. What is the difference between the present financial crisis and that in the 1930s according to the passage?A) There was a housing-market collapse in the Great Depression in the 1930s.B) The prices and economic activity have not collapsed in this crisis. C) The current crisis is less complex because the corporate defaults have remained relatively low.D) The Great Depression was relatively easy to handle because all the problems were in the financial sector itself.4. Which of the following is not a consequence of the contraction of the financial services industry?A) The sources of the world will be fully explored. B) There is a decline of dollar.C) There will be fewer bankers in the USA.D) The exports will be expanded.5. What is the author’s overall attitude towards the American economy according to the passage?A) Optimistic.B) Pessimistic. C) Indifferent.D) Ambiguous.

题目 Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields． Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science， most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online． Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists， for example， post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository (库)， and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from， say， the Sloan Digital Sky Survey， a telescope that has observed some 500million objects-but these remain the exception， not the rule． Historically， scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons： it is a lot of work； until recently， good databases did not exist； grant funders were not pushing for sharing； it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data； and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data． But the barriers are disappearing， in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public． Last year， the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to "shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve"． Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information， and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before． To match the growing demand， services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them． Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing， the practice is not purely altruistic (利他的)． Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits， including more connections with colleagues， improved visibility and increased citations． The most successful sharers -those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -get noticed， and their work gets used． For example， one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world； it has been downloaded 5，700 times． Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass， to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber． "I'd much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions， " she says． "It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results． Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible． " Even people whose data are less popular can benefit． By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them， scientists become more organized and better disciplined themselves， thus avoiding confusion later on． 32． What do many researchers generally accept？___ A． It is imperative (必要的) to protect scientists' patents． B． Repositories are essential to scientific research． C． Open data sharing is most important to medical science． D． Open data sharing is conducive (有利的) to scientific advancement． 33． According to the passage， what might hinder (阻碍) open data sharing？___ A． The fear of massive copying． B． The lack of a research culture． C． The belief that research data is private intellectual property． D． The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it． 34． What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing？___ A． The ever-growing demand for big data． B． The advancement of scientific technology． C． The changing attitude of journals and funders． D． The trend of social and economic development． 35． Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing___． A． is becoming increasingly popular B． benefits sharers and users alike C． makes researchers successful D． saves both money and labor

American justice works on the _______ that an accused person in innocent until they are proved guilty.（ ）A. conditionB. premiseC. situationD. hypothesis

7.[简答题]3.Translate the following sentences into English with the words and expressions in parentheses.1 这所大学新建的图书馆藏书丰富，设施先进，令人印象深刻。(impressive)

Fifty four years ago， young Quentin entered this world． "Action!" he must have yelled then to his mum． When he was two， his whole family moved to Los Angeles， and before Quentin Tarantino turned a teenager， he had already seen more movies than most people． In his twenties he started working at the Manhattan Beach Video Archives， where he made some important friendships and tried his hand at making a first movie． It would take another few years until he would sell the scripts for True Romance and Natural Born Killers， and shortly after go on and conquer the film festival circuit in a storm with Reservoir Dogs． And so it began … With Pulp Fcition， QT finally turned Hollywood upside-down for good， and established himself as， what they would then call， an "enfant terrible" of the new film-making community． to this day， Pulp Fiction counts as a completely original masterpiece， that sometimes even to his most loyal fans he has not matched again． After Jackie Brown， he took a pause for a while， not turning out a major motion picture until Kill Bill． Kill Bill turned into an epic， and manifested director Tarantino as the truly great filmmaker， opening the eyes of millions among the younger generations to lost classics， foreign cult cinema and the wild world of exploitation film． Then in 2007， he made Grindhouse together with his long time friend Robert Rodriguez． The movie was well-received among critics， but was a financial disaster． Tarantino has talked about a war movie for many years， but not until 2008 did any of those rumors come together， when he announced that he had in fact finally finished a script for Inglourious Basterds， a massive war epic． The movie went into production that same year， starring Brad Pitt in the leading role． It was a huge international success and gathered quite a few awards． In 2011， Tarantino announced the completion of his latest script， a movie about slavery in the old US south of the 1860s， titled Django Unchained． The movie has attracted enormous attention， especially because it stars Jamie Foxx， Leonardo DiCaprio， Samuel L． Jackson and Christoph Waltz， who won an Oscar for his role in Inglourious Basterds， and whose acting talents have been truly recognized． And 2015 marked the release of his 8th film， appropriately titled The Hateful Eight， a post Civil War era Western mystery and thriller． At the age of 54， Quentin Tarantino has recently gone on record saying he will retire some time soon， but all of the movie fans definitely hope the speak of film-making stays strong in his heart of a long time still． Because in a world densely crowded with average filmmakers QT seems to be one of the few who never play it safe．A Salute to Quentin Tarantino(1)The underlined phrase "enfant terrible" in paragraph 2 means___．A． rude and unpleasantB． ordinary but arrogantC． smart but unconventionalD． boring and traditional(2)According to the passage， which one of the followings is Right？___A． Quentin Tarantino was born and raised in Los Angeles．B． After Jackie Brown， Tarantino shot Kill Bill right away．C． The film Grind-house made in 2007 gained huge profitsD． 2008 witnessed the production of Inglourious Basterds．(3)We can infer from the paragraph 4 that___．A． Tarantino finished his shooting of Django Unchained in 2011．B． Christoph Waltz has at least worked with Tarantino two times．C． The all-star cast helped Django Unchained gain wide publicity．D． The story of The Hateful Eight was set during the Civil War．(4)What might be the author's attitude towards Quentin Tarantino？___A． indifferentB． negativeC． neutralD． favorable

You are going to read part of an autobiography in which a gardener talks about his childhood and his love of plants and the countryside. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.Green fingersIt never occurred to me when I was little that gardens were anything less than glamorous places. Grandad's garden was on the bank of a river and sloped gently down towards the water. You couldn't reach the river but you could hear the sound of the water and the birds that sang in the trees above. I imagined that all gardens were like this - a place of escape, peace and solitude. Grandad's plot was nothing out of the ordinary when it came to features. He had nothing as grand as a greenhouse, unlike some of his neighbours. Not that they had proper 'bought' greenhouses. Theirs were made from old window frames. Patches of plastic would be tacked in place where a carelessly wielded spade had smashed a pane of glass.At home, his son, my father, could be quiet and withdrawn. I wouldn't want to make him sound humourless. He wasn't. Silly things would amuse him. He had phrases that he liked to use, 'It's immaterial to me' being one of them. 'I don't mind' would have done just as well but he liked the word 'immaterial'. I realise that, deep down, he was probably disappointed that he hadn't made more of his life. He left school without qualifications and became apprenticed to a plumber. Plumbing was not something he was passionate about. It was just what he did. He was never particularly ambitious, though there was a moment when he and Mum thought of emigrating to Canada, but it came to nothing. Where he came into his own was around the house. He had an 'eye for the job'. Be it bookshelves or a cupboard - what he could achieve was astonishing.My parents moved house only once in their entire married life. But my mother made up for this lack of daring when it came to furniture. You would just get used to the shape of one chair when another appeared, but the most dramatic change of all was the arrival of a piano. I always wanted to like it but it did its best to intimidate me. The only thing I did like about it were the two brass candlesticks that jutted out from the front. 'They're too posh', my mother said and they disappeared one day while I was at school. There was never any mention of my being allowed to play it. Instead lessons were booked for my sister. When I asked my mother in later life why I wasn't given the opportunity, her reply was brief: 'You'd never have practised'.Of the three options, moors, woods or river - the river was the one that usually got my vote. On a stretch of the river I was allowed to disappear with my imagination into another world. With a fishing net over my shoulder I could set off in sandals that were last year's model, with the fronts cut out to accommodate toes that were now right to the end. I'd walk along the river bank looking for a suitable spot where I could take off the painful sandals and leave them with my picnic while I ventured out, tentatively, peering through the water for any fish that I could scoop up with the net and take home. After the first disastrous attempts to keep them alive in the back yard, they were tipped back into the water.I wanted to leave school as soon as possible but that seemed an unlikely prospect until one day my father announced, 'They've got a vacancy for an apprentice gardener in the Parks Department. I thought you might be interested.' In one brief moment Dad had gone against his better judgement. He might still have preferred it if I became a carpenter. But I like to feel that somewhere inside him was a feeling that things might just turn out for the best. If I stuck at it. Maybe I'm deceiving myself, but I prefer to believe that in his heart, although he hated gardening himself, he'd watched me doing it for long enough and noticed my unfailing passion for all things that grew and flowered and fruited.(1)When the writer describes his grandad's garden, he isA.proud that his granddad was such a good gardener.B.embarrassed that the garden was not as good as others nearby.C.indignant that items in the garden were often damaged.D.positive about the time he spent in the garden.(2)What is the writer's attitude to his father in the second paragraph? A.regretful that his father had not achieved moreB.irritated that his father used words he didn't understandC.sympathetic to the reasons why his father behaved as he didD.grateful that his father had not taken the family to Canada(3)What does the writer mean by the phrase 'came into his own' in line 14? A.was able to do something by himselfB.was able to show how talented he wasC.was able to continue his day jobD.was able to forget his failures(4)What was the writer's first reaction to the piano? A.surprise when it suddenly appearedB.pleasure at seeing it in the living roomC.anger that only his sister would have piano lessonsD.pride that his mother had listened to his advice(5)The writer's description of his fishing trips illustrateA.how much free time he was given.B.how beautiful the river was.C.how good a fisherman he was.D.how carefree his childhood was.(6)What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.His father did not want his son to be a gardener.B.His father was tired of disagreeing with his son.C.His father had been impressed by his son's love of gardening.D.His father had been trying to find a job his son would enjoy.

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from £1.19 billion in 2011 to £1.12 billion in 2015, according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016.In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015.Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper — including facial tissue and kitchen roll — to save money. "Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume," said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. "These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer."While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy — in theory at least — when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons,toilet paper wish list is softness （57%） followed by strength （45%） and thickness （36%）.One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because .A.Britons have cut their spending on itB.its prices have gone up over the yearsC.its quality has seen marked improvementD.Britons have developed the habit of savingWhat does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?A.It will expand in time.B.It will remain gloomy.C.It will experience ups and downs.D.It will recover as population grows.What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?A.Special offers would promote its sales.B.Consumers are loyal to certain brands.C.Luxurious features add much to the price.D.Consumers have a variety to choose from.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

* 本题备选项需点击原文空格处获取，在列表上点选即可。 Since the 1940s southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of (26)_____. Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountain, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state’s bad air (27)_____ to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’ hearts and lungs are affected as a (28)_____. All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological (29)_____, makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in (30)_____. And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are (31)_____ to yield minute-to-minute maps of (32)_____ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside building, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been (33)_____ with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s (34)_____ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work” days have done their job by (35)_____ pollution lows.

阅读理解In North America, most students go to school by bus. The subway is also widely used in some cities. In small towns and cities, walking is still popular.The yellow school bus is a familiar sight all over North America. It is a very convenient form of transportation because it takes students right to the entrance to the school. It also gives students the chance to chat with their friends. However, the bus is slow and does not always pick up the students on time.The subway is a means of getting around quickly in many cities. However, it is expensive and can be very crowded(拥挤的)during the rush hour. Another disadvantage(劣势)of the subway is that the stops are not so close to the school, and students often have to walk very far or take a bus from the subway stop to the school.Walking has a lot of advantages for those who live close to school. It's free and it is a form of exercise. However, it's no fun if you have a large backpack full of books to carry. It's also unpleasant if the weather is too hot, cold or wet.(1)In North America, most students usually go to school by ________.A.school bus or subway B.car or bicycle C.taxi or car D.taxi or boat(2)For many students, the yellow school bus is convenient but it is ________.A.too expensive B.slow and sometimes late C.crowded and dirty D.quick(3)Subways are fast but the stops are often a little bit ________ the school.A.close to B.busy for C.far away from D.near to(4)Walking is a good way for the students that live close to school and it is ________.A.not convenient B.bad for health C.good for health D.too expensive(5)This passage is about ________ in North America.A.transportation B.students C.schools D.lessonsBill, 12,CanadaI want to be a doctor when I grow up because I like helping people and making them feel better.John, 13,AmericaIn the future, I would love to be a writer. Writing is one of the things that make me really happy. But if that doesn't come true, a musician is also OK.Jenny, 13,EnglandI'm going to be a teacher. I love children and I love teaching them. So this job is the best for me.Peter, 14,EnglandI want to be an engineer. I'm interested in studying maths. And I want to live in China.(1)Bill wants to be ________.A.a doctor B.an engineer C.a teacher D.a musician(2)The underlined word "that" refers to ________.A.reading B.being happy C.being a writer D.teaching children(3)Who loves children?A.Bill. B.Jenny. C.John. D.Peter.(4)Where does Peter want to live?A.In Canada. B.In England. C.In America. D.In China.(5)What can we know from the chart?A.Bill loves reading very much.B.Jenny and John are of the same age.C.Both John and Peter are from England.D.Peter likes to help people and make them feel better.A poor farmer had a friend who was famous for the wonderful apple trees he grew.One day, his friend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to plant it. The farmer was pleased with the gift, but he did not know where to plant it.He was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in one of his fields, his neighbors would come at night and steal some of the apples. If he planted the tree near his house, his children would take the fruit. Finally he planted the tree in his wood. But without sunlight and good soil(土壤), the tree soon died.Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. "What's the difference?" the farmer said angrily and then told what he had thought."Yes," said the friend, "but at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit. Now you not only have robbed everyone of the fruit, but also you have destroyed(毁掉)a good apple tree!"(1)What did the farmer's friend give him one day?A.n apple. B.Some apples. C.A young apple tree. D.Some young trees.(2)Why didn't the farmer want to plant the tree in his field?A.He thought strangers would steal the fruit.B.He thought the tree would die.C.He thought his children would take the fruit.D.He thought his neighbors would steal the fruit.(3)Where did the farmer plant the young tree?A.Near the road. B.In his field. C.In his woods. D.Near the house.(4)Why did the young tree die in the end?A.Strangers pulled out the tree.B.His neighbors cut down the tree.C.His children broke the tree.D.There was less sunlight and poor soil.(5)What does the story tell us?A.We should care about others' feelings.B.We should share beautiful things.C.The young tree can provide apples for us when it grows up.D.The young tree can grow up one day.阅读短文,并按要求完成下列各题。In the U.K., bus journeys are very common. Buses are very convenient for people. Passengers can avoid heavy traffic and do not have to pay for the parking. However, taking the bus is just a necessary but boring part of life: they get on the bus, pay for it and sit down or find a place to stand when it is crowded. Everyone seems sad and bored.In Latin America, however, bus trips can be wonderful. For a start, films are showed on the buses between cities for passengers to have fun along the journey. Local buses do not show films, but drivers usually turn on the radio and it can be great for passengers to listen to songs and get relaxed.Even better than films and music are the sights and sounds on the buses. Local buses always go to parts of the town that passengers would not visit by themselves. There passengers can see shops that they have never heard about. And they can also see other cultures of the town.Besides, passengers' luggage(行李)is also interesting. It is common to see a happy dog's head getting out of somebody's bag. Once on a bus in Peru, a farmer even tied a sheep to the top of the bus. It was quite surprising.All in all, taking the bus in Latin America is really fun and unforgettable.(1)(2)题完成句子;(3)题简略回答问题;(4)题找出并写下全文的主题句;(5)题将文中画线句子译成汉语。 (1)On the local buses, drivers usually turn on the radio and it can be great for passengers to listen to songs and ________. (2)Local buses always go to parts of the town that passengers would not visit ________. (3)How do passengers in the U.K. probably feel on the buses? ________ (4)________ (5)________