If the ship is sinking, do you save yourself or risk your life to save others? The answer, it seems, depends on how long the sinking takes. If there’s enough time, you can switch from adrenalin (肾上腺素)-driven self-preservation (自我保护) to conscience (良知，良心)-driven self-sacrifice.The viewpoints come from a new comparison of survival data from the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 with the loss of 1517 lives out of 2207, and the sinking of the Lusitania three years later, which killed 1198 passengers out of 1949.The main difference between the two sinkings was time: it took two hours and 40 minutes for the Titanic to go down, while the Lusitania sank in just 18 minutes. The result: a huge difference in survivor descriptions.On the Lusitania, survival favored able-bodied men aged between 16 and 35, whose probability of surviving was 7.9 percent higher than that for all remaining passengers over 35 years old. On the Titanic, in contrast, the same group of men were 6.5 percent more likely to die than their elders. Children were 30.9 percent more likely to survive on the Titanic, compared with passengers over 35, while on the Lusitania children had no better survival chance.The main reason, according to Benno Torgler of Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, is that simple adrenalin-driven survival instinct and bodily strength affected survival on the fast-sinking Lusitania. On the slow-sinking Titanic, by contrast, there was time for social norms of giving priority to women and children.Strikingly, women of all ages on the Titanic had a probability of survival 53 percent higher than for men, compared with an 11 percent higher chance of dying on the Lusitania.“People say you only care about yourself, but the analysis shows that people will sacrifice themselves,” says Torgler. “But time is crucial, because the elements that restart social interactions only emerge after time.”The results also support director James Cameron’s interpretation of events in his film Titanic – that wealth and social status regained its power after time, possibly through bribery (贿赂) or favors from the crew. First-class passengers on the Titanic had huge survival advantages unavailable on the Lusitania.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The human instinct in time of disaster.B) Men’s responsibilities in times of danger.C) Similarities and differences between two ship sinkings.D) Causes for passengers’ different behaviors in a ship sinking. 2. According to the passage, what is the main factor that affected people’s behavior in the sinking of the Titanic and the Lusitania?A) The time it took the ships to sink. B) The percentage of young passengers.C) The intensity of people’s survival instinct.D) The difference in wealth and social status.3. According to the passage, which of the following groups of passengers were more likely to survive on the Lusitania?A) Stronger men. B) Small children.C) Elderly women.D) Wealthy people.4. Which of the following statements is true according to Benno Torgler?A) In times of danger people are selfish and will not sacrifice themselves.B) In times of danger people will take care of others when given enough time. C) People on the Titanic were more caring in nature than those on the Lusitania.D) People on the Titanic had better social interactions than those on the Lusitania.5. What does the author mean by saying “First-class passengers on the Titanic had huge survival advantages non-existent on the Lusitania” in the last paragraph?A) The Titanic had a huge number of first-class passengers.B) The Lusitania offered no special service to first-class passengers.C) First-class passengers on the Lusitania were more ready to help others.D) First-class passengers on the Titanic received more help from the crew.

Whenever people from Scotland live in foreign countries, they are always being asked: "Is Scotland the place where men wear skirts?" The answer is yes but there is more about the myths of Scottish "skirts".The "skirts" that Scotsmen sometimes wear is called a kilt. It is part of the traditional dress of Scotland. The kilt is clearly very famous across the world. It seems that everybody has heard of it. People's knowledge and ideas about Scotsmen wearing these kilts come from film and television, For example, Mel Gibson's film, Brave Heart.In Scotland, you will often see the kilt. The reality is, though, that you will most commonly see it in tourist areas. The main streets and tourist areas of Scotland always have a Scotsmen wearing a kilt and all tourist shops in the country sell kilts in different colors.People do not wear kilts every day probably because of their ___.A funny designsB dull colorsC poor qualityD high prices

53.Mary caught a(n) __ fish this morning.-|||-A.alive B.lively C.liver D.living

阅读理解（共2题，20.0分）32. (10.0分) Passage TwoWhenever people from Scotland live in foreign countries, they are always being asked: "Is Scotland the place where men wear skirts?" The answer is yes but there is more about the myths of Scottish "skirts".The "skirts" that Scotsmen sometimes wear is called a kilt. It is part of the traditional dress of(单选题 2.0分) According to the passage, Scotsmen ___.()A like foreign cultureB sometimes wear kilts

Whenever people from Scotland live in foreign countries, they are always being asked: "Is Scotland the place where men wear skirts?" The answer is yes but there is more about the myths of Scottish "skirts".The "skirts" that Scotsmen sometimes wear is called a kilt. It is part of the traditional dress of Scotland. The kilt is clearly very famous across the world. It seems that everybody has heard of it. People's knowledge and ideas about Scotsmen wearing these kilts come from film and television, For example, Mel Gibson's film, Brave Heart.In Scotland, you will often see the kilt. The reality is, though, that you will most commonly see it in tourist areas. The main streets and tourist areas of Scotland always have a Scotsman wearing a kilt and all tourist shops in the country sell kilts in different colors.In Scotland, kilts are more often seen __. ()A in tourist shopsB in public schoolsC on the stageD at local markets

33.Harry and Sam both denied that the fight was their own __ .-|||-A.outcome B.criticism C.cause D.fault

单选题（共30题，60.0分） 3. (2.0分) If he _ me tomorrow, I would let him know.（）A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able

[题目]-|||-宪形填空-|||-up her mind to do everything by herself.She regularly-|||-used to go for walks alone.She learnt where everything-|||-was,so she never lost her 2 -|||-But then one day some men came and cut down-|||-some of the familiar(熟悉的)trees at the side of the-|||-path which she followed.When she reached that place-|||-that evening,she did not feel the trees,so she was in-|||- 3 -|||-She stopped for a minute and listened,but she-|||-did not hear any other people,so she went 4 for a-|||-kilometre or two,and then she heard water below her.-|||-"Water?"she said aloud,and stopped,"Am I-|||-lost? I suppose so.I must be on a bridge. I've been-|||- 5 that there's a river in this part of the country,-|||-but I don't know its exact position.How am I going to-|||-get back to my cottage from here?"-|||-All at once she heard a man's friendly voice near-|||-her.It said," 6 ,can I help you?"-|||-"How wise of you!"Mrs.Hammed answered,"Yes,-|||-please,I'm lost,the trees which I follow 7 I go for-|||-my walk every evening have been removed today.Can-|||-you please help me to get home?"-|||-"Certainly,"the man answered,"Where do you-|||-lim _(tarrow {e)^2}-|||-Mrs.Hammod told him,and they began walking.-|||-The man took Mrs.Hammod to her cottage, and she-|||-invited him in and gave him some coffee.She told the-|||-man how thankful 8 was that she had met him.-|||-"Don't thank me ,"he answered,"I want to thank-|||-you."-|||-"Why?"Mrs.Hammod said.-|||-"Well,"the man answered 9 ,"I was standing-|||-on the bridge for a long time in the dark,because I was-|||-trying to make up my mind to throw 10 into the-|||-river.But I won't do it now."-|||-() 1.A.instead B.but-|||-C.and D.so-|||-() 2.A.things B.stick-|||-C.money D.way-|||-() 3.A.danger B.dark-|||-C.need D.difficulties-|||-() 4.A.back B.straight-|||-C.ahead D.away-|||-() 5.A. B.promised-|||--|||-C.showed D.told-|||-() 6.A.Sorry B.Pardon-|||-C.Excuse me D.Well-|||-() 7.A.when B.if-|||-C.once D. -|||-() 8.A.be B.she-|||-C.it D.this-|||-() 9.A.sadly B. anxiously-|||-C.angrily D. quietly-|||-() 10.A.you B. |t-|||-C.it D.that

On second (), we decided not to sell our house.A. plansB. thoughtsC. ideasD. minds

It was only with the help of the local guide _____ .（ ）A. was the mountain climber rescuedB. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescuedD. then the mountain climber was rescued