The coffee is too strong．Would you please _____ some water _____ it？（ ）A. add；withB. add up；toC. add；toD. add up；in

Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture？ From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays. Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26. Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives. Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final. The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup. It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing? 1．What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep? A.They don't fall asleep until very late. B.They don't sleep much on weekends. C.They sleep longer than people elsewhere. D.They get less sleep on public holidays. 2．What does the author say about people's sleeping habits? A.They are culture-related B.They affect people's health. C.They change with the seasons. D.They vary from person to person 3．What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns? A.They have trouble falling asleep. B.They are involved in a sleep research. C.They want to get sufficient sleep. D.They want to go to bed on regular hours. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A.Sleeplessness does harm to people's health. B.It is important to study our sleep patterns. C.Few people really know the importance of sleep. D.Average people probably sleep.

POWERING THE PLANETA Despite modern society's heavy dependence on fossil fuels for energy, most people are aware that the supply of these fuels is finite. As oil and other fossil fuels become more costly and difficult to find, researchers are looking at alternative energy sources, including solar, wind, and even nuclear power. But which substitute—if any—is the right one? SolarB Solar panels catch energy directly from the sun and convert it into electricity. One of the world's largest solar power stations is in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, where more than 2.5 million solar panels have the capacity to generate enough power for 750, 000 people. But unlike the burning of fossil fuels, the process used to create all that solar energy produces no emissions.C Today, however, solar power provides less than 2 percent of the world's energy, primarily because the cost of the panels is still very high. But price is only one issue. Clouds and darkness also cause solar panels to produce less energy. This requires that additional power sources (such as batteries) be available.D Some scientists think the solution to this problem can be found in space, which is the ideal place to gather energy from the sun. With no clouds and no nighttime, a space-based solar power station could operate constantly. These stations would send the power back to Earth, which could then be turned into electricity for consumption. Advocates of solar space stations say this technology would initially require a lot of money, but eventually it could provide continuous, clean energy that would be cheaper than other fuels. Also, unlike other energy sources, solar power from space would last as long as the sun shines, and would guarantee everyone on Earth all the energy they need.WindE Wind—the fastest-growing alternative energy source—is another way of collecting energy from the sun. Wind is caused by the sun's heat rather than its light. Therefore, unlike solar power, wind power works well even on cloudy days.F All over the world, incentives designed to decrease the dependence on oil and coal have led to a steep increase in wind-powered energy. Today, Asia leads the world in wind power, producing around 230, 000 megawatts, the equivalent of 230 large coal-powered plants. Europe produces nearly 180, 000 megawatts. North America remains a distant third, at 105, 000.G Despite its successes, some people are protesting wind-power development, saying the turbines are both noisy and ugly. Just outside England's Lake District—a protected national park—a dozen existing wind towers are due to be removed. "This is a high-quality landscape, " says one local homeowner. "They shouldn't be putting those things in here."H There are other challenges, too. If the wind doesn't blow, the turbines are not able to produce adequate energy. As a result, other power sources are needed. In contrast, a strong wind can create too much power. In cases like this, the energy company must sell the extra power at a much-reduced rate, which is not good for business.I What's needed for both wind and solar is a way to store a large energy surplus. However, most systems are still decades away from making this a reality. On the plus side, both wind and solar power enable people to generate their own energy where they live: people can have their own windmills or solar panels, with batteries for calm days.NuclearJ In the 1970s, nuclear power was seen as the main energy alternative. Nuclear power produces vast amounts of electricity more cheaply than gas or coal, with no carbon emissions. For a number of years in the 1980s and '90s, however, use of nuclear power declined due to accidents, concerns about nuclear waste storage and disposal, and high construction costs.K Today, times are changing. Worldwide, about 450 plants generate 11 percent of the planet's electric power, and some countries have invested heavily in nuclear energy. France, for instance, gets three-quarters of its electricity from nuclear power, the highest percentage of any country. China has started to build one or two new plants a year, and India has also begun to utilize nuclear energy on a large scale.L However, there are still concerns about the safety of nuclear power, as seen, for example, at the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan. The country had to close the nuclear reactors at Fukushima when the plant was hit by a tsunami and, as a consequence, began releasing substantial amounts of radioactive materials. Many still believe, however, that nuclear power is one of the future's greenest energy alternatives.M In the end, are any of these sources alone the answer to our current energy problems? The short answer is no, but used in some combination—along with other power sources—we may find ways to reduce and eventually eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels.(1)What is this reading mainly about? A.possible replacements for fossil fuelsB.the various causes of the global energy crisisC.the benefits of solar power over other alternative energy sourcesD.problems caused by our overdependence on fossil fuels(2)Which of these statements about solar energy is stated in the text? A.Solar is currently the biggest contributor to the world's energy.B.Solar energy is cheap to produce due to the low price of solar panels.C.Solar space stations could be the solution to the energy crisis.D.Solar energy can have a harmful effect on the environment.(3)What is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of wind power? A.Strong winds can produce too much power.B.Strong winds can damage the turbines.C.The turbines can create a lot of noise.D.Some people consider the turbines to be ugly.(4)Which country gets most of its power from nuclear power? A.FranceB.IndiaC.JapanD.China(5)Which question is closest in meaning to In the end, are any of these sources alone the answer to our current energy problems? (paragraph M)A.Is there an energy source that can solve all of our energy problems on its own? B.Can our current energy problems be solved by making sure we stop burning fossil fuel? C.Can we solve our energy problems by using all the alternative energy sources together? D.Is finding an alternate to fossil fuels the only way to solve our energy problems?

请指出对于这篇文章以下哪个描述是正确的 《Hemicellulose: Structure, chemical modification, and application》（需要在PDF中查看）Science Direct数据库 A. Received 4 November 2022B. Revised 11 March 2023C. Accepted 11 March 2023D. Available online 14 March 2023

________，the text became easier for us to learn．（ ）A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words

So many directors( ), the board meeting had to be put off.A. were absentB. been absentC. had been absentD. being absent

9.( 3.0 分 ) [ 单选题 ] When interviewers ask about you previous contributions they want to learn whether you have the skills required to do the job . A 面试官经常会问起你以前工作和公司的一些情况以便决定你是否是他们所需要的人选 B 当面试官询问你以往做出的贡献时，他们是想了解你是否具备从事该项工作所需的技能。 C 面试官往往都很想了解你以往所做出的贡献，这样他们就可以为你安排一个合适的岗位。

The skater was able to deliver a peak ___occuring her final Olympic games.（ ）A. performanceB. performingC. performD. power

对接主题-保护生物-|||-(2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh-|||-over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏)them even as-|||-they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone-|||-National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.-|||-"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," bear biogologs Chris-|||-Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century-|||-or more, they're increasingly being sighte by humans.-|||-The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of-|||-50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and-|||-continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former-|||-range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.-|||-Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so-|||-successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,which-|||-would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to-|||-lawsuits from comservatio groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.-|||-Obviously ,if precautions(预防)aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes-|||-killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and-|||-attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting-|||-electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at-|||-getting grizzlies away.Our hope is to have a clean, arctan t-free place where bears can pass-|||-through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in-|||-and around Missoula对接主题-保护生物-|||-(2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh-|||-over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏)them even as-|||-they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone-|||-National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.-|||-"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," bear biogologs Chris-|||-Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century-|||-or more, they're increasingly being sighte by humans.-|||-The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of-|||-50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and-|||-continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former-|||-range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.-|||-Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so-|||-successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,which-|||-would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to-|||-lawsuits from comservatio groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.-|||-Obviously ,if precautions(预防)aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes-|||-killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and-|||-attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting-|||-electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at-|||-getting grizzlies away.Our hope is to have a clean, arctan t-free place where bears can pass-|||-through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in-|||-and around Missoula对接主题-保护生物-|||-(2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh-|||-over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏)them even as-|||-they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone-|||-National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.-|||-"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," bear biogologs Chris-|||-Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century-|||-or more, they're increasingly being sighte by humans.-|||-The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of-|||-50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and-|||-continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former-|||-range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.-|||-Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so-|||-successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,which-|||-would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to-|||-lawsuits from comservatio groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.-|||-Obviously ,if precautions(预防)aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes-|||-killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and-|||-attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting-|||-electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at-|||-getting grizzlies away.Our hope is to have a clean, arctan t-free place where bears can pass-|||-through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in-|||-and around Missoula对接主题-保护生物-|||-(2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh-|||-over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏)them even as-|||-they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone-|||-National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.-|||-"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," bear biogologs Chris-|||-Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century-|||-or more, they're increasingly being sighte by humans.-|||-The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of-|||-50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and-|||-continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former-|||-range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.-|||-Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so-|||-successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,which-|||-would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to-|||-lawsuits from comservatio groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.-|||-Obviously ,if precautions(预防)aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes-|||-killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and-|||-attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting-|||-electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at-|||-getting grizzlies away.Our hope is to have a clean, arctan t-free place where bears can pass-|||-through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in-|||-and around Missoula对接主题-保护生物-|||-(2023·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇)Grizzly bears,which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh-|||-over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏)them even as-|||-they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone-|||-National Park what they most hope to see,and their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear.-|||-"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," bear biogologs Chris-|||-Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century-|||-or more, they're increasingly being sighte by humans.-|||-The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came,with a rough number of-|||-50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s,after centuries of cruel and-|||-continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former-|||-range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.-|||-Today,there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so-|||-successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies,which-|||-would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to-|||-lawsuits from comservatio groups.For now,grizzlies remain listed.-|||-Obviously ,if precautions(预防)aren't taken,grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes-|||-killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and-|||-attractants from their yards and campsites,grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting-|||-electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at-|||-getting grizzlies away.Our hope is to have a clean, arctan t-free place where bears can pass-|||-through without learning bad habits,"says James Jonkel,longtime biologist who manages bears in-|||-and around Missoula

On Food Safety, a Long List But Little Money This summer there has been a drumbeat of food-related illnesses. Strawberries containing E. coli (大肠杆菌) killed one person in Oregon and sickened at least nine others. Imported papayas (木瓜) contaminated with salmonella (沙门氏菌) poisoned more than 200 people nationwide, with one dead. The landmark food safety law passed by Congress last December is supposed to reduce the frequency and severity of food safety problems, but the roll call of recent cases underlines the importance of the task. "It’s an enormous undertaking," said Mike Taylor, the Food and Drug Administration’s deputy commissioner for foods, whose job is to turn the far-reaching law into a coherent set of rules that farmers, food processors and importers can follow and regulators can enforce. The agency is taking on the expanded mission at a time when Washington budget-slashing (大幅消减预算) means that regulators have little hope of getting additional money and may instead have their budgets cut by Congress. Mr. Taylor said they didn’t have resources to implement the law. "The choice is we either find the resources or we give up implementing this law. You can’t build something brand-new without the resources to do it. " The agency is now in the process of writing the food safety rules, with the goal of preventing outbreaks like those this summer. One of the most complex jobs involves setting standards for farmers to grow and harvest fruits and vegetables safely. The first draft of the farm rifles is due early next year. The agency is expected to deal with basics like hand-washing stations for field workers, tests of irrigation water and measures to protect fields from wild animals that can track in bacteria. Yet the standards must take into account a huge variety of crops, farming practices and farm sizes. The task is all the more delicate because the agency has never before had a major presence on American farms. For a year and a half, well before Congress passed the food safety law, Mr. Taylor has visited farmers around the country and sought to ease their fears that an army of food safety officials will come storming through their fields telling them how to do their jobs. Recently, he visited Long Island, where he traveled through the sandy fields of the 30-acre Deer Run lettuce farm of Bob Nolan in Brookhaven with steps. Mr. Nolan said he was initially anxious about the new law but was now eager to help the agency make it work for farmers. Mr. Taylor was joined by several agency employees involved in writing the farm rules, and Mr. Nolan told them that he hoped the visit would help them better understand how a farm worked. The complexity of the F. D. A. ’s task became clear as the day went on. At the second stop, a potato farm in Riverhead, the owner Jimmy Zilnicki said that he knew little about what the government expected of him. "We’re all just trying to find out what this food safety thing is all about," he said. Besides, he argued, potatoes were a safe crop and he questioned whether it was worth including them in rood satety rules. Mr. Taylor told him the F. D. A. ’s job was to focus most of its efforts where the food safety risks were greatest. The third stop was a 65-acre organic farm in Riverhead, run by Eve Kaplan Walbrecht and her husband, Chris. They grow a dizzying rank of crops, most of which they sell directly to customers through farmers’ markets and buying clubs. They, too, had made costly improvements with an eye toward food safety, including building a large processing shed with a concrete floor, treated water, a bathroom and refrigerated storage. The new law remits (减轻,减免) small farms that average less than 500, 000 a year in sales and sell mostly to local customers. But Ms Kaplan Walbrecht said that her farm brings in too much money to qualify for the exemption. She worried that the new law could become a burden for small farmers, either by adding paperwork or by unleashing (不加管束的) regulators with little understanding of how a farm worked. But while farmers worry that the rules will be too severe, food safety advocates worry that budget cuts could render the law toothless. The Congressional Budget Office has said the F. D. A. will need hundreds of millions of dollars in new financing to execute the law, and there appears little chance that Mr. Taylor will get it. The Republican-controlled House of Representatives has passed a budget that largely eliminates new money for the F. D. A. The Democrat-controlled Senate has not made its own proposal. But advocates fear that the new Congressional super committee that is to propose cuts under the debt ceiling deal could further decrease the agency’s finances. A budget freeze or cuts would have the greatest impact on the ambitious increase in inspections called for under the new law, which strengthen each year. "Writing rules is inexpensive; enforcing them is expensive," said David W. Acheson, a former associate commissioner of the F. D. A. who is now a food safety consultant. "There will be a public health impact because enforcement won’t be to the extent they want to do it. " The agency has already said that, without lots of new money, it won’t be able to conduct the thousands of foreign food inspections the law would require after a few years. Increasing domestic inspections would be difficult, too. The F. D. A. has about 1, 000 inspectors trained to visit food establishments but most of them also inspect drug and medical device facilities. Hiring new inspectors or retraining existing ones is costly. So far, Mr. Taylor has won praise for the introduction of the new law. "I’ve never seen the agency go at anything with such enthusiasm," said Carol L. Tucker Foreman, a food policy expert at the Consumer Federation of America. But she feared that without a higher budget, the agency would take shortcuts. The law requires the most frequent inspections at the riskiest facilities and Ms Tucker Foreman questioned whether the agency would simply classify fewer operations as high risk to make its job easier. Mr. Taylor said that would not happen. "We’re not going to game the system," he said.Different from the farmers, food safety advocates concern that ______. A. the new law will become a burden for both small and large farmsB. the law will reduce the farmers’ income by average of 500, 000 a yearC. the budget cuts will make the law lack of the necessary force for effectivenessD. there aren’t many ways to raise enough money to implement the law