Brain-training software may be a waste of time．People who played"mind-boosting"games made the same modest cognitive gains as those who spent a similar amount of time surfing the web．"It didn't really make any difference what people did，"says Adrian Owen of the Medical Research Council Cognition，who tested brain-training software on volunteers recruited through a BBC television program．Owen and his colleagues asked 11，000 volunteers to take tests to measure their reasoning ability and verbal and spatial（空间的）memory．Participants then spent six weeks playing on one of two computer programs，or just surfing the web for pleasure．In one program，which imitates commercial brain-training software，the volunteers solved simple mathematics problems and puzzles that tested their memories．The other was designed specifically to boost cognitive abilities such as reasoning and planning．After six weeks，the participants underwent a second round of cognitive tests．Both groups who played the games made modest improvements，yet so did the web surfers．Skills learned via the programs didn't transfer to the cognitive tests，even when they relied on similar abilities，says Owen．For instance，people who played a game in which they had to find a match for a briefly overturned card struggled at a similar test that used stars"hidden"in boxes，"Even when the tests were conceptually quite similar we didn't see any improvement，"says Owen．He concludes that brain-training software only makes people better at the specific tasks they have been practicing．Yet Klingberg，who founded a cognitive-training firm called Cogmed，is indignant at the conclusion that all brain training is bunk．The participants in Owen's study didn't practice for long enough and there was no quality control over what practice people did，he says．"Asking subjects to sit at home and do tests online，perhaps with the TV on or other distractions around，is likely to result in noisy data，"he says．"This paper does in no way disprove that the brain is plastic or that cognitive functions can be improved by training．"Owen counters that his team's research took place in settings similar to the ones people are likely to practice in．"This is what people are doing．They're sitting at home on their computers doing brain training．"32．The purpose of Owen recruiting volunteers to do the first round of tests is ____ ．A．test their reasoning ability and verbal and spatial memoryB．support the BBC television program in his wayC．prove how much information participants can rememberD．detect differences among people in memorizing information33．From the second round of cognitive tests，Owen concludes that ____ ．A．all participants have made much recognizable improvement dramaticallyB．participants have developed reasoning ability to solve complicated problemsC．participants can make greater improvement in solving very similar problemsD．participants performed better in certain tasks they have practiced for a long time34．What's the meaning of"indignant"？ ____ A．Surprised．B．Agreeable．C．Mad．D．Dishonest．35．What is the passage mainly about？ ____ A．There is a debate about whether brain-training software is effective．B．We should concentrate on brain-training software in our daily life．C．Brain-training software is useless to most people．D．It is important to improve reasoning ability and spatial memory．

Some people think they have an answer to the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or "bike".In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York Cith, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike fie a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bicycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines.For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bicycle riders. For example, they want the city to paint special lanes—for bicycles only—on some of the main streets, because when bicycle riders must use the same lanes as cars, there may be accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes, more people would use bikes.But no bicycle lanes have been painted yet. Not everyone thinks it is a good idea. Taxi drivers don't like the idea—they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets don't like the idea—they say if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.The government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. On weekends, Central Park—the largest open space in New York—is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only. But Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown. Until that happens, the safest place to bicycles may be in the park.Question：The main idea of the passage is to show .A.the problems of automobile crowding and pollution in large cityB.bike for a Better City's answer to the problems of automobilesC.a great many bike riders in New York CityD.the city government's decision about bicycle lanes

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