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三 完形填空Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they underline(51) . Yet, all living things still show the underline(52) of aging, which will eventually underline(53) death.Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the organs they form do not function as well as they did in childhood. The body provides less underline(54) against diseases and is more inclined underline(55) accident.A number of related causes may contribute to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not underline(56) when they die. In an aging person the new cells may not be as capable underline(57) growth as those of a young person.Another underline(58) in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less flexible. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles. This is also the reason old people underline(59) in height. There may be other more important chemicals changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and underline(60) information that the cells need. Aging may affect this process and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.(20分)51、A had B use to C were used to D used to52、A fact B effect C function D symbol53、A affect B produce C result in D result from54、A protection B demand C decline D delay55、A to B for C against D from56、A replaced B born C recovered D discovered57、A with B for C of D to58、A factor B effect C reason D element59、A short B shrink C lengthen D increase60、A pass to B pass from C pass on D pass on to

三 完形填空 Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, but people now live longer than they $\underline{51}$ . Yet, all living things still show the $\underline{52}$ of aging, which will eventually $\underline{53}$ death. Aging is not a disease, but as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the organs they form do not function as well as they did in childhood. The body provides less $\underline{54}$ against diseases and is more inclined $\underline{55}$ accident. A number of related causes may contribute to aging. Some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not $\underline{56}$ when they die. In an aging person the new cells may not be as capable $\underline{57}$ growth as those of a young person. Another $\underline{58}$ in aging may be changes within the cells themselves. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known to change with age and become less flexible. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles. This is also the reason old people $\underline{59}$ in height. There may be other more important chemicals changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and $\underline{60}$ information that the cells need. Aging may affect this process and change the information-carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well. (20分) 51、A had B use to C were used to D used to 52、A fact B effect C function D symbol 53、A affect B produce C result in D result from 54、A protection B demand C decline D delay 55、A to B for C against D from 56、A replaced B born C recovered D discovered 57、A with B for C of D to 58、A factor B effect C reason D element 59、A short B shrink C lengthen D increase 60、A pass to B pass from C pass on D pass on to

题目解答

答案

这是一篇关于人类衰老过程的完形填空。文章探讨了虽然人类寿命比以前更长,但衰老仍是不可避免的过程,并从细胞功能下降、细胞自身变化以及遗传信息传递改变等方面解释了衰老的原因。

以下是逐题的推导过程及答案:

51题:
句意为“纵观历史,人类不得不接受所有生物都会死亡的事实,但人们现在比他们过去活得长”。这里需要一个短语表示“过去常常(活得长)”。
A. had(有);B. use to(语法错误,应为used to);C. were used to(习惯于);D. used to(过去常常)。
“used to do”表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,符合语境。
答案:D

52题:
句意为“然而,所有生物仍然显示出衰老的……,这最终会导致死亡”。这里需要一个词来描述衰老带来的影响或现象。
A. fact(事实);B. effect(影响,效果);C. function(功能);D. symbol(象征)。
“show the effect of aging”意为“显示出衰老的影响/效应”,符合逻辑。
答案:B

53题:
句意为“这最终会……死亡”。衰老带来的结果最终是死亡。
A. affect(影响);B. produce(产生);C. result in(导致);D. result from(起因于)。
“result in”意为“导致,引起”,表示衰老最终导致死亡的结果。
答案:C

54题:
句意为“身体对疾病的……减少,并且更容易……事故”。身体机能下降,对疾病的抵抗力减弱。
A. protection(保护);B. demand(需求);C. decline(下降);D. delay(延迟)。
“provide protection against diseases”意为“提供对抗疾病的保护”,符合语境。
答案:A

55题:
句意为“身体对疾病的保护减少,并且更容易……事故”。这里考查固定搭配“be inclined to do sth.”,意为“倾向于做某事,易于……”。
A. to;B. for;C. against;D. from。
答案:A

56题:
句意为“身体的一些细胞寿命相当长,但当它们死亡时,不会被……”。这里指细胞死亡后没有新的细胞来替代。
A. replaced(替代);B. born(出生);C. recovered(恢复);D. discovered(发现)。
“be replaced”意为“被替换”,符合细胞新陈代谢的语境。
答案:A

57题:
句意为“在老年人身上,新细胞可能不像年轻人那样有能力……生长”。这里考查固定搭配“be capable of”,意为“有能力做……”。
A. with;B. for;C. of;D. to。
答案:C

58题:
句意为“衰老的另一个……可能是细胞本身的变化”。前文提到了一些导致衰老的原因,这里继续列举另一个因素。
A. factor(因素);B. effect(影响);C. reason(原因);D. element(元素)。
“factor”在这里指导致衰老的因素,符合上下文。
答案:A

59题:
句意为“这也是老年人身高……的原因”。前文提到蛋白质变硬导致皮肤起皱,这里指细胞结构变化导致身高变矮。
A. short(短的);B. shrink(收缩,变矮);C. lengthen(变长);D. increase(增加)。
“shrink in height”意为“身高缩水/变矮”,符合老年人身体特征。
答案:B

60题:
句意为“一些复杂的细胞化学物质,如DNA和RNA,储存并……细胞所需的信息”。DNA和RNA的作用是存储并传递遗传信息。
A. pass to(传给);B. pass from(从……传);C. pass on(传递);D. pass on to(传给)。
“pass on information”意为“传递信息”,符合生物学常识。
答案:C

解析

本题考查知识点为词汇辨析、固定搭配以及对文章内容的理解。解题思路是先通读文章,了解文章大意,即关于人类衰老过程及原因的探讨。然后逐题分析,根据句子的语境、逻辑关系以及固定搭配来选择合适的词汇。

51题

句意为“人们现在比他们过去活得长”,需要一个表示“过去常常”的短语。

  • A选项“had”表示“有”,不符合语境。
  • B选项“use to”语法错误,正确形式应为“used to”。
  • C选项“were used to”表示“习惯于”,不符合此处表达过去状态的意思。
  • D选项“used to”表示“过去常常”,“used to do”符合句子表达过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,所以选D。

52题

句意为“所有生物仍然显示出衰老的……,这最终会导致死亡”,需要一个描述衰老带来影响的词。

  • A选项“fact”指“事实”,但这里强调的是衰老产生的影响,而非单纯的事实。
  • B选项“effect”表示“影响,效果”,“show the effect of aging”即“显示出衰老的影响”,符合逻辑,所以选B。
  • C选项“function”意为“功能”,与衰老带来的影响不相关。
  • D选项“symbol”指“象征”,不符合此处语境。

53题

句意为“这最终会……死亡”,需要一个表示因果关系且能体现衰老导致死亡结果的词。

  • A选项“affect”表示“影响”,但没有明确体现出导致死亡的结果。
  • B选项“produce”意为“产生”,一般不用于描述因果关系导致的结果。
  • C选项“result in”表示“导致,引起”,准确表达了衰老最终导致死亡的结果,所以选C。
  • D选项“result from”表示“起因于”,因果关系与句子不符。

54题

句意为“身体对疾病的……减少,并且更容易……事故”,需要一个表示身体对疾病防护能力的词。

  • A选项“protection”表示“保护”,“provide protection against diseases”即“提供对抗疾病的保护”,符合身体机能下降对疾病抵抗力减弱的语境,所以选A。
  • B选项“demand”意为“需求”,与身体对疾病的防护无关。
  • C选项“decline”表示“下降”,但不能准确表达身体提供的防护作用。
  • D选项“delay”意为“延迟”,不符合此处语境。

55题

这里考查固定搭配“be inclined to do sth.”,意为“倾向于做某事,易于……”,所以选A。

56题

句意为“身体的一些细胞寿命相当长,但当它们死亡时,不会被……”,需要一个表示细胞死亡后被替代的词。

  • A选项“replaced”表示“替代”,“be replaced”即“被替换”,符合细胞新陈代谢的语境,所以选A。
  • B选项“born”意为“出生”,与细胞死亡后的替代无关。
  • C选项“recovered”表示“恢复”,不符合此处细胞替代的意思。
  • D选项“discovered”意为“发现”,与细胞的替代过程不相关。

57题

这里考查固定搭配“be capable of”,意为“有能力做……”,所以选C。

58题

句意为“衰老的另一个……可能是细胞本身的变化”,需要一个表示导致衰老原因的词。

  • A选项“factor”表示“因素”,指导致衰老的因素,符合上下文,所以选A。
  • B选项“effect”表示“影响”,前文已用“effect of aging”,这里用“factor”更合适。
  • C选项“reason”通常指事情发生的原因,更强调逻辑上的因果关系,而“factor”更侧重于客观存在的因素。
  • D选项“element”意为“元素”,与导致衰老的原因不相关。

59题

句意为“这也是老年人身高……的原因”,需要一个表示老年人身高变化的词。

  • A选项“short”是形容词,不能作谓语动词。
  • B选项“shrink”表示“收缩,变矮”,“shrink in height”即“身高缩水/变矮”,符合老年人身体特征,所以选B。
  • C选项“lengthen”意为“变长”,与老年人身高变化的实际情况不符。
  • D选项“increase”意为“增加”,也不符合老年人身高变化的特点。

60题

句意为“一些复杂的细胞化学物质,如DNA和RNA,储存并……细胞所需的信息”,需要一个表示传递信息的词。

  • A选项“pass to”表示“传给”,但没有强调传递信息的过程。
  • B选项“pass from”表示“从……传”,不符合此处表达传递信息的意思。
  • C选项“pass on”表示“传递”,“pass on information”即“传递信息”,符合生物学常识,所以选C。
  • D选项“pass on to”表示“传给”,同样没有突出传递信息的核心意思。

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